創傷倫理化與創傷政治化的圖像辯證：薩科的《加薩註解》

Joe Sacco's Footnotes in Gaza has been widely praised for its ethical approach to witnessing and documenting human rights abuses. Hillary Chute has argued that the book is an exercise in empathy, while Alexander Dunst has criticized the limitations of such an approach, which he believes can reduce victims to objects of sympathy rather than acknowledging their agency and imagination. This article begins by examining Chute's ethics of witness and draws on Dunst's concept of "creative activism" to argue that while Sacco's "comic journalism" can evoke empathy and highlight the creativity of Palestinians, its primary goal is to gather, arrange, and present historical materials that have been overlooked by mainstream history, thereby contextualizing how the insistent discursive return to the past disrupts the present and anticipates a different future. Rather than attempting to activate ethical dialectics or summon political resistance through witnessing trauma, this article believes that through the use of comics, Sacco's Footnotes in Gaza challenges readers' habitual aesthetic configurations and also expands their understanding of historical events as well as the Palestinians' determination not to forget, thereby ultimately promoting a more nuanced and sensory appreciation of the past.