從重「情韻」到好「高大」：論陸時雍、沈德潛詩學承變關係

As a commoner during the late period of Ming dynasty, mainly the period of Emperor Chong Zheng, Lu Shiyon had, with less attention, published his own poetic work titled ＂The Poetry Mirror＂ (Shijing). Lu's Shijing had never been mentioned even in the works of Wang Shizhen who held the theory of ＂spiritual resonance＂ (shen yun 神韻) until the middle period of Qing dynasty, when Shen Deqian published a great amount of poetry writings in which some contents of Shijing were inherited in an implicit way or even explicitly quoted. But, as is well known, Shen's poetic has commonly been taken as inheriting the latter seven masters, Wang Shizhen, or Ye Xie, and no influence from Shijing has been appreciated so far. In this regard, under the background of the history of Chinese literary criticism during Ming-Qing period, this article aims at providing a new perspective for the issue mentioned above. First, it will be pointed out that it must be Lu Shiyon's standpoint that he holds an aesthetic criterion like keeping one's nature to be genuine (qing zhen 情真) or keeping one's charm continuously (yun chang韻長), which make Shen's poetic much more vivid and natural. Second, it will be argued that Shen applies several materials from Shijing to his own poetic, with an aim pertaining to an achievement of pluralistic values. Last but not least, based on a comparison between selected commentary texts by several important poets, this article will point out that in response to the needs of his age, Shen sees the value of ＂great momentum＂ (gao da 高大) as higher than that of ＂spiritual resonance＂ (shen yun 神韻), and in this sense Shen can be said to walk a road different from Lu Shiyon's poetic.