由「復封」諸侯論《左傳》崇禮、尊王之矛盾與選擇

There were five times of "fu feng" recorded about the State of Xing, Wei, Cao, Chen and Cai in Zuo Zhuan and Guo Yu. The four Monarchs that the author of Zuo Zhuan praised their behavior were appropriate to "li ye" (rites) and they were Qi Huan Gong, Jin Wen Gong, Chu Zhuang Wang and Chu Ping Wang, the first three of them belonged to the five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period. The author always praised those who could be "fu feng" were appropriate to "li", regardless of whether the Monarch was five Hegemons or "Hou" and "Bo". Why did the author praise those four Monarchs of "fu feng" for "li ye"? Actually, they were evaluated by four virtues including "Jiu Huan" (relief), "Shou Li" (etiquette), "Xing Yi" (righteousness) and "Zhong Xin" (reliance). However, to confer the title or "fu feng", Monarchs were the power of the Emperor of Zhou. The author praised those who were "fu feng" were appropriate to "li ye", which obviously formed a contradiction between to defend the ritual system and the power of Zhou Emperor. Therefore, when there was a conflict between the ritual system and the power of emperor, the author chose "Chong Li" first than "Zun Wang". No wonder, he still praised to those Monarchs who were "fu feng" were appropriate to "li ye".