TY - JOUR
T1 - 3D and 4D bioprinting of the myocardium
T2 - Current approaches, challenges, and future prospects
AU - Ong, Chin Siang
AU - Nam, Lucy
AU - Ong, Kingsfield
AU - Krishnan, Aravind
AU - Huang, Chen Yu
AU - Fukunishi, Takuma
AU - Hibino, Narutoshi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Chin Siang Ong et al.
PY - 2018/4/22
Y1 - 2018/4/22
N2 - 3D and 4D bioprinting of the heart are exciting notions in the modern era. However, myocardial bioprinting has proven to be challenging. This review outlines the methods, materials, cell types, issues, challenges, and future prospects in myocardial bioprinting. Advances in 3D bioprinting technology have significantly improved the manufacturing process. While scaffolds have traditionally been utilized, 3D bioprinters, which do not require scaffolds, are increasingly being employed. Improved understanding of the cardiac cellular composition and multiple strategies to tackle the issues of vascularization and viability had led to progress in this field. In vivo studies utilizing small animal models have been promising. 4D bioprinting is a new concept that has potential to advance the field of 3D bioprinting further by incorporating the fourth dimension of time. Clinical translation will require multidisciplinary collaboration to tackle the pertinent issues facing this field.
AB - 3D and 4D bioprinting of the heart are exciting notions in the modern era. However, myocardial bioprinting has proven to be challenging. This review outlines the methods, materials, cell types, issues, challenges, and future prospects in myocardial bioprinting. Advances in 3D bioprinting technology have significantly improved the manufacturing process. While scaffolds have traditionally been utilized, 3D bioprinters, which do not require scaffolds, are increasingly being employed. Improved understanding of the cardiac cellular composition and multiple strategies to tackle the issues of vascularization and viability had led to progress in this field. In vivo studies utilizing small animal models have been promising. 4D bioprinting is a new concept that has potential to advance the field of 3D bioprinting further by incorporating the fourth dimension of time. Clinical translation will require multidisciplinary collaboration to tackle the pertinent issues facing this field.
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U2 - 10.1155/2018/6497242
DO - 10.1155/2018/6497242
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29850546
AN - SCOPUS:85046703167
SN - 2314-6133
VL - 2018
JO - BioMed research international
JF - BioMed research international
M1 - 6497242
ER -