Find Research Outputs

Search results

• 2020

  Capacity degradation method for piles under cyclic axial loads

  Achmus, M., Kuo, Y. S., Abdel-Rahman, K., Tseng, Y. H. & Pang, I., 2020 Dec, In: Computers and Geotechnics. 128, 103838.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Cyclic loads
  • Axial loads
  • Piles
  • pile
  • Degradation

• Carboxylated nanodiamond-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery of human retinoschisis mutation into human iPSCs and mouse retina

  Yang, T. C., Chang, C. Y., Yarmishyn, A. A., Mao, Y. S., Yang, Y. P., Wang, M. L., Hsu, C. C., Yang, H. Y., Hwang, D. K., Chen, S. J., Tsai, M. L., Lai, Y. H., Tzeng, Y., Chang, C. C. & Chiou, S. H., 2020 Jan 1, In: Acta Biomaterialia. 101, p. 484-494 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Nanodiamonds
  • Retinoschisis
  • Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
  • Retina
  • Genes
  5 Citations (Scopus)

• Carcinogenesis of Male Oral Submucous Fibrosis Alters Salivary Microbiomes

  Chen, M. Y., Chen, J. W., Wu, L. W., Huang, K. C., Chen, J. Y., Wu, W. S., Chiang, W. F., Shih, C. J., Tsai, K. N., Hsieh, W. T., Ho, Y. H., Wong, T. Y., Wu, J. H. & Chen, Y. L., 2020, (Accepted/In press) In: Journal of Dental Research.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Oral Submucous Fibrosis
  • Microbiota
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Prevotella

• Cardiac endurance increases in Taiwanese elderly after a six-week intervention using outdoor fitness equipment in an urban park

  Chow, H-W., Chang, T. Y., Mowen, A. J. & Königstorfer, J., 2020 Apr, 2020 National Environment and Recreation Research Symposium. Annapolis, MD, USA

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

• Cardiac radiation dose predicts survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated by definitive concurrent chemotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy

  Pao, T. H., Chang, W. L., Chiang, N. J., Chang, J. S. M., Lin, C. Y., Lai, W. W., Tseng, Y. L., Yen, Y. T., Chung, T. J. & Lin, F. C., 2020 Sep 22, In: Radiation Oncology. 15, 1, 221.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy
  • Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Radiation
  • Heart
  • Drug Therapy

• Case Report: Successful Use of Biliary Stent for Iatrogenic Esophageal Perforation Following Balloon Dilation in a 7-Month-Old Infant

  Liu, M. C., Wang, Y. S., Yang, Y. J. & Lai, F. P., 2020 Oct 28, In: Frontiers in Pediatrics. 8, 545760.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Esophageal Perforation
  • Stents
  • Dilatation
  • Endoscopy
  • Conservative Treatment

• Catalase immobilized in polypeptide/silica nanocomposites via emulsion and biomineralization with improved activities

  Liou, J. H., Wang, Z. H., Chen, I. H., Wang, S. S. S., How, S. C. & Jan, J. S., 2020 Sep 15, In: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 159, p. 931-940 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Biomineralization
  • Nanocomposites
  • Polypeptides
  • Silicon Dioxide
  • Emulsions
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• Catalyst combination strategy for hydrogen production from methanol partial oxidation

  Chen, W. H., Chen, K. H., Lin, B. J. & Guo, Y. Z., 2020 Sep 1, In: Energy. 206, 118180.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Oxidation
  • Hydrogen
  • Catalyst
  • Hydrogen production
  • Methanol
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Catalytic activity of PtSn₄: Insights from surface-science spectroscopies

  D'Olimpio, G., Boukhvalov, D. W., Fujii, J., Torelli, P., Marchionni, A., Filippi, J., Kuo, C. N., Edla, R., Ottaviano, L., Lue, C. S., Vizza, F., Nappini, S. & Politano, A., 2020 Jun 1, In: Applied Surface Science. 514, 145925.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • catalytic activity
  • Catalyst activity
  • Spectroscopy
  • spectroscopy
  • Chemical reactivity

• CCN1 triggers adaptive autophagy in cardiomyocytes to curb its apoptotic activities

  Su, B. C., Hsu, P. L. & Mo, F. E., 2020 Mar 1, In: Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling. 14, 1, p. 93-100 8 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Curbs
  • Autophagy
  • Integrins
  • Cardiac Myocytes
  • Mitochondria

• CDK4 and CDK5 Inhibition Have Comparable Mild Hypothermia Effects in Preventing Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission and Neuron Death Induced by MPP⁺

  Yang, S. H., Huang, C. Y., Hsieh, C. Y. & Chuang, J. I., 2020 Oct 1, In: Molecular Neurobiology. 57, 10, p. 4090-4105 16 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
  • Dynamins
  • Mitochondrial Dynamics
  • Hypothermia
  • Neurons

• Cell-Coupled Long Short-Term Memory with L-Skip Fusion Mechanism for Mood Disorder Detection through Elicited Audiovisual Features

  Su, M. H., Wu, C. H., Huang, K. Y. & Yang, T. H., 2020 Jan, In: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. 31, 1, p. 124-135 12 p., 8668691.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Long short-term memory
  • Fusion reactions
  • Modulation
  • Electric fuses
  • Clustering algorithms

• Cerebral Arterial Pulsatility and Global White Matter Microstructure Impact Spatial Working Memory in Older Adults With and Without Cardiovascular Risk Factors

  Conley, A. C., Karayanidis, F., Jolly, T. A. D., Yang, M. H. & Hsieh, S., 2020 Aug 7, In: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 12, 245.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Spatial Memory
  • Short-Term Memory
  • White Matter
  • Organizations
  • Young Adult

• Challenges in Environmental Science/Engineering and Emerging Sustainable Practices for Future Water Conservation

  Lin, T. F., Jegatheesan, V., Shu, L. & Rene, E. R., 2020 Jan, In: Chemosphere. 238, 124591.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Editorial › peer-review
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Changes in epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of nontyphoid Salmonella in children in southern Taiwan, 1997–2016

  Lo, H. Y., Lai, F. P. & Yang, Y. J., 2020 Aug, In: Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 53, 4, p. 585-591 7 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Salmonella
  • Taiwan
  • Serogroup
  • Epidemiology
  • Child
  5 Citations (Scopus)

• Changes in postural strategy of the lower limb under mechanical knee constraint on an unsteady stance surface

  Tsai, Y. Y., Chang, G. C. & Hwang, I. S., 2020 Nov, In: PloS one. 15, 11 November, e0242790.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • knees
  • Angular velocity
  • limbs (animal)
  • Lower Extremity
  • Knee

• Changes in sex life among people in taiwan during the covid-19 pandemic: The roles of risk perception, general anxiety, and demographic characteristics

  Ko, N. Y., Lu, W. H., Chen, Y. L., Li, D. J., Chang, Y. P., Wu, C. F., Wang, P. W. & Yen, C. F., 2020 Aug 2, In: International journal of environmental research and public health. 17, 16, p. 1-15 15 p., 5822.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Risk perception
  • Pandemics
  • Taiwan
  • Anxiety
  • Coronavirus
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Changing treatment patterns in patients with venous thromboembolism in Taiwan

  Lee, C. H., Fang, C. C., Tsai, L. M., Lin, H. W., Chen, P. S., Lin, S. H. & Li, Y. H., 2020, In: Circulation Journal. 84, 2, p. 283-293 11 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Venous Thromboembolism
  • Taiwan
  • Anticoagulants
  • Warfarin
  • Risk Reduction Behavior
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Characterisation of teaghrelin-like principles from Assam tea cultivated in Thailand

  Li, Y. C., Tanapichatsakul, C., Pripdeevech, P., Hwang, T. L., Kuo, P. C. & Tzen, J. T. C., 2020, (Accepted/In press) In: Natural Product Research.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Camellia sinensis var. assamica
  • ghrelin receptors
  • oolong tea
  • Tea
  • Thailand

• Characterisation of the β-lactam resistance enzyme in Acanthamoeba castellanii

  Chen, C. H., Huang, C. L., He, M. S., Huang, F. C. & Lin, W. C., 2020 Feb, In: International journal of antimicrobial agents. 55, 2, 105823.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Acanthamoeba castellanii
  • Lactams
  • Acanthamoeba
  • Enzymes
  • Cefotaxime
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• Characteristics and etiology of hospitalized pediatric community-acquired pneumonia in Taiwan

  Chi, H., Huang, Y. C., Liu, C. C., Chang, K. Y., Huang, Y. C., Lin, H. C., Chang, L. Y., Ho, Y. H., Tsao, K. C., Mu, J. J., Huang, L. M. & Hsieh, Y. C., 2020 Oct, In: Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 119, 10, p. 1490-1499 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Taiwan
  • Pneumonia
  • Pediatrics
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Child
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether Oxidation in a Preheated Pt-γ-Al₂O₃ Catalytic Reactor

  Wu, C. Y., Yu, W. C. & Cheng, C. C., 2020 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In: Combustion science and technology.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • dimethyl ether
  • Ethers
  • ethers
  • Aluminum oxide
  • Oxidation

• Characteristics of ultraviolet photodetector based on li-doped zno nanorods

  Chou, C. C., Shih, L. H. & Chang, S. J., 2020 Jul 20, In: Sensors and Materials. 32, 7, p. 2419-2424 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Nanorods
  • Photodetectors
  • nanorods
  • photometers
  • dynamic response

• Characteristic study of bamboo fibers in preforming

  Chiu, H. H. & Young, W. B., 2020 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In: Journal of Composite Materials.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Preforming
  • Bamboo
  • Fibers
  • Moisture
  • Heating

• Characterization and Image-Based Performance Evaluation on the Longevity of LCDs under High Temperature and Humid Environment

  Chang, Y. K., Chen, K. S. & Chen, C. C., 2020 Mar, In: IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability. 20, 1, p. 42-50 9 p., 8922749.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Liquid crystal displays
  • Display devices
  • Temperature
  • Inspection
  • Defects

• Characterization in dual activation by oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent of hyperpolarization-activated cation and electroporation-induced currents

  Chang, W. T., Gao, Z. H., Li, S. W., Liu, P. Y., Lo, Y. C. & Wu, S. N., 2020 Jan 2, In: International journal of molecular sciences. 21, 2, 396.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Electroporation
  • Induced currents
  • Positive ions
  • Oxaliplatin
  • Platinum
  5 Citations (Scopus)

• Characterization of a sandwich plga-gallic acid-plga coating on mg alloy zk60 for bioresorbable coronary artery stents

  Lin, L. H., Lee, H. P. & Yeh, M. L., 2020 Dec, In: Materials. 13, 23, p. 1-16 16 p., 5538.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Gallic Acid
  • Stents
  • arteries
  • Acids
  • acids

• Characterization of betanodavirus quasispecies influences on the subcellular localization and expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

  Chen, Y. M., Tan, C. S., Wang, T. Y., Hwong, C. L. & Chen, T. Y., 2020 Aug, In: Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 103, p. 332-341 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Betanodavirus
  • tumor necrosis factors
  • necrosis
  • Capsid Proteins
  • tumor

• Characterization of convergent suppression by UCL-2077 (3-(triphenylmethylaminomethyl)pyridine), known to inhibit slow afterhyperpolarization, of erg-mediated potassium currents and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels

  Hsu, H. T., Lo, Y. C. & Wu, S. N., 2020 Feb, In: International journal of molecular sciences. 21, 4, 1441.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • 3-(triphenylmethylaminomethyl)pyridine
  • Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels
  • Pyridine
  • Messenger RNA
  • pyridines
  4 Citations (Scopus)

• Characterization of Diagnosabilities on the Bounded PMC Model

  Lian, G., Zhou, S., Hsieh, S. Y., Chen, G., Liu, J. & Gu, Z., 2020 Sep 1, In: Computer Journal. 63, 9, p. 1397-1405 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Electrons
  • Failure analysis
  • Testing

• Characterization of effectiveness in concerted I_h inhibition and I_k(Ca) stimulation by pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene), a stilbenoid

  So, E. C., Gao, Z. H., Ko, S. Y. & Wu, S. N., 2020 Jan 1, In: International journal of molecular sciences. 21, 1, 357.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • pterostilbene
  • Resveratrol
  • stimulation
  • Neurons
  • Nicotine
  3 Citations (Scopus)

• Characterization of hand tendons through high-frequency ultrasound elastography

  Chen, P. Y., Yang, T. H., Kuo, L. C., Shih, C. C. & Huang, C. C., 2020 Jan, In: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control. 67, 1, p. 37-48 12 p., 8818334.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • tendons
  • Tendons
  • Ultrasonics
  • characterization
  • Shear waves

• Characterization of inhibitory effectiveness in hyperpolarization-activated cation currents by a group of ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids from croton tonkinensis

  Kuo, P. C., Liu, Y. C., Lo, Y. C. & Wu, S. N., 2020 Feb, In: International journal of molecular sciences. 21, 4, 1268.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Kaurane Diterpenes
  • Croton
  • Diterpenes
  • Insulin
  • Positive ions
  3 Citations (Scopus)

• Characterization of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) interferon regulatory factor 4 regulated by heat shock factor 1 during heat stress in response to antiviral immunity

  Lai, C. F., Wang, T. Y., Yeh, M. I. & Chen, T. Y., 2020 Nov, In: Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 106, p. 755-767 13 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • interferon regulatory factor-4
  • Epinephelus coioides
  • heat shock
  • heat stress
  • necrosis

• Characterization of phthalate exposure in relation to serum thyroid and growth hormones, and estimated daily intake levels in children exposed to phthalate-tainted products: A longitudinal cohort study

  Huang, P. C., Chang, W. H., Wu, M. T., Chen, M. L., Wang, I. J., Shih, S. F., Hsiung, C. A. & Liao, K. W., 2020 Sep, In: Environmental Pollution. 264, 114648.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Thyroid Hormones
  • Hormones
  • phthalic acid
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Growth Hormone
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Characterization of the extensor digitorum communis tendon using high-frequency ultrasound shear wave elastography

  Hsiao, Y. Y., Yang, T. H., Chen, P. Y., Hsu, H. Y., Kuo, L. C., Su, F. C. & Huang, C. C., 2020 Apr 1, In: Medical Physics. 47, 4, p. 1609-1618 10 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Ultrasonic Waves
  • Elasticity Imaging Techniques
  • Tendons
  • Hand
  • Hand Injuries

• Characterization of the inhibitory effect of gastrodigenin and gastrodin on M-type K⁺ currents in pituitary cells and hippocampal neurons

  Yang, C. S., Lai, M. C., Liu, P. Y., Lo, Y. C., Huang, C. W. & Wu, S. N., 2020 Jan 1, In: International journal of molecular sciences. 21, 1, 117.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol
  • gastrodin
  • neurons
  • Current density
  • Neurons
  5 Citations (Scopus)

• Characterization of the synergistic inhibition of i_k(Erg) and i_k(dr) by ribociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor

  Liu, P. Y., Chang, W. T. & Wu, S. N., 2020 Nov 1, In: International journal of molecular sciences. 21, 21, p. 1-17 17 p., 8078.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
  • ribociclib
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
  • Positive ions

• Characterize the spatial-temporal variations of urban heat island intensity using a land use regression approach

  Chen, C. Y., Wu, C. D., Ng, U. C. & Lung, S. C. C., 2020 Jan 1.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

  • Land use
  • Hot Temperature
  • Thermal effects
  • Temperature
  • Global warming

• Characterize the spatial-temporal variations of urban heat island intensity using a land use regression approach

  Chen, C. Y., Wu, C. D., Ng, U. C. & Lung, S. C. C., 2020 Jan 1.

  Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

  • Land use
  • Hot Temperature
  • Thermal effects
  • Temperature
  • Global warming

• Characterizing laser preheat for laser-driven magnetized liner inertial fusion using soft x-ray emission

  Barnak, D. H., Bonino, M. J., Chang, P. Y., Davies, J. R., Hansen, E. C., Harding, D. R., Peebles, J. L. & Betti, R., 2020 Nov 1, In: Physics of Plasmas. 27, 11, 112709.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • linings
  • x rays
  • lasers
  • laser windows
  • laser heating

• Characterizing transport mechanism of cathodic oxygen ions in SOFC by molecular dynamics

  Lai, H. Y., Chan, Y. H. & Chen, C. K., 2020 Jan, In: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 281, 120973.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  • solid oxide fuel cells
  • Molecular dynamics
  • oxygen ions
  • Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)
  • Ions

• Charge density wave like behavior with magnetic ordering in orthorhombic S m2 R u3 G e5

  Kuo, C. N., Hsu, C. J., Tseng, C. W., Chen, W. T., Lin, S. Y., Liu, W. Z., Kuo, Y. K. & Lue, C. S., 2020 Apr 15, In: Physical Review B. 101, 15, 155140.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Charge density waves
  • Magnetization
  • Phase transitions
  • Seebeck coefficient
  • Magnetic susceptibility
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• Charge Redistribution Mechanisms in SnSe₂Surfaces Exposed to Oxidative and Humid Environments and Their Related Influence on Chemical Sensing

  D'olimpio, G., Genuzio, F., Menteş, T. O., Paolucci, V., Kuo, C. N., Al Taleb, A., Lue, C. S., Torelli, P., Fariás, D., Locatelli, A., Boukhvalov, D. W., Cantalini, C. & Politano, A., 2020, (Accepted/In press) In: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. p. 9003-9011 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Skin
  • Water
  • humidity
  • water
  • Chalcogenides

• Charge-Transfer Kinetics of the Solid–Electrolyte Interphase on Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ Thin-Film Electrodes

  Nasara, R. N., Ma, W., Kondo, Y., Miyazaki, K., Miyahara, Y., Fukutsuka, T., Lin, C. A., Lin, S. K. & Abe, T., 2020 Aug 21, In: ChemSusChem. 13, 16, p. 3944 1 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate › peer-review

  Open Access

  • electric vehicle
  • Surface chemistry
  • Charge transfer
  • Lithium-ion batteries
  • lithium

• Charge Transport in Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks

  Kung, C. W., Kung, C. W., Goswami, S., Hod, I., Wang, T. C., Duan, J., Farha, O. K. & Hupp, J. T., 2020 Jun 16, In: Accounts of Chemical Research. 53, 6, p. 1187-1195 9 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Metal-Organic Frameworks
  • Zirconium
  • Charge transfer
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Electrocatalysis
  15 Citations (Scopus)

• Charge Trapping Augmented Switchable Sub-band-gap Photoresponse of Zinc-Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistor

  Hsiao, Y. H., Leung, T. P., Li, J. T., Shih, L. C. & Chen, J. S., 2020 Jul 28, In: ACS Applied Electronic Materials. 2, 7, p. 2078-2083 6 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • stannic oxide
  • Charge trapping
  • Tin oxides
  • Zinc oxide
  • Thin film transistors

• Chemical and stable isotopic characteristics of PM_2.5 emitted from Chinese cooking

  Jung, C. C. & Su, H. J., 2020 Dec, In: Environmental Pollution. 267, 115577.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Cooking
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Nitrogen Isotopes

• Chemically stable covalent organic framework as adsorbent from aqueous solution: A mini-review

  Yang, C. H., Chang, J. S. & Lee, D. J., 2020 May, In: Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 110, p. 79-91 13 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

  • Metal-Organic Frameworks
  • Adsorbents
  • Adsorbates
  • Boron
  • Chemical elements
  2 Citations (Scopus)

• Chemical modification of atactic polypropylene and its applications as a crystallinity additive and compatibility agent

  Wu, M. H., Wang, C. C. & Chen, C. Y., 2020 Apr 24, In: polymer. 194, 122386.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • nylon 6
  • Chemical modification
  • Crystallinity
  • Polypropylenes
  • Crystallization
  1 Citation (Scopus)