TY - JOUR
T1 - A Comparison Study of Summer Season Raindrop Size Distribution Between Palau and Taiwan, Two Islands in Western Pacific
AU - Seela, Balaji Kumar
AU - Janapati, Jayalakshmi
AU - Lin, Pay Liam
AU - Reddy, K. Krishna
AU - Shirooka, Ryuichi
AU - Wang, Pao K.
N1 - Funding Information:
We are thankful to Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Japan, for providing the disdrometer data at Palau. We acknowledge the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), ERA-Interim, and MODIS for providing the data. We are thankful to the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan for supporting this research work under grants MOST 104-2923-M-008-003-MY5 and MOST 106-2625-M-008-013. The first author, Balaji Kumar Seela (B. K. S.), acknowledges Academia Sinica, Taiwan, for providing graduate fellowship under Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP). B. K. S. also acknowledges Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan, for providing the travel support under the grant MOST-106-2922-I-008-041. Second author, J. Jayalakshmi, acknowledges the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan, R.O.C to carry out this research work under grants MOST 104-2811-M-008-064 and MOST 106-2811-M-008-084. The authors are thankful to the Editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that helped in improving the manuscript. The JWD data for the Taiwan station are available by contacting the corresponding author ([email protected]). The JWD data for the Palau station can be obtained by contacting the coauthor (Ryuichi Shirooka; [email protected]). The TRMM-PR 2A23 data product are obtained from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (https://pmm.nasa.gov/data-access/downloads/trmm). MODIS level 3 data product (MOD08_D3) are provided by NASA Goddard space flight center (https://modaps.modaps.eosdis. nasa.gov/services/about/products/c6/ MOD08_D3.html). The ERA-Interim data products can be obtained from http:// apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/data/interim-full-daily/levtype=sfc/.
Publisher Copyright:
©2017. The Authors.
PY - 2017/11/16
Y1 - 2017/11/16
N2 - Raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics in summer season rainfall of two observational sites (Taiwan (24°58′N, 121°10′E) and Palau (7°20′N, 134°28′E)) in western Pacific are studied by using five years of impact type disdrometer data. In addition to disdrometer data, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, and ERA-Interim data sets are used to illustrate the dynamical and microphysical characteristics associated with summer season rainfall of Taiwan and Palau. Taiwan and Palau's raindrop spectra showed a significant difference, with a higher concentration of middle and large drops in Taiwan than Palau rainfall. RSD stratified on the basis of rain rate showed a higher mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) and a lower normalized intercept parameter (log10Nw) in Taiwan than Palau rainfall. Precipitation classification into stratiform and convective regimes showed higher Dm values in Taiwan than Palau. Furthermore, for both the locations, the convective precipitation has a higher Dm value than stratiform precipitation. The radar reflectivity-rain rate relations (Z = A*Rb) of Taiwan and Palau showed a clear variation in the coefficient and a less variation in exponent values. Terrain-influenced clouds extended to higher altitudes over Taiwan resulted with higher Dm and lower log10Nw values as compared to Palau.
AB - Raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics in summer season rainfall of two observational sites (Taiwan (24°58′N, 121°10′E) and Palau (7°20′N, 134°28′E)) in western Pacific are studied by using five years of impact type disdrometer data. In addition to disdrometer data, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, and ERA-Interim data sets are used to illustrate the dynamical and microphysical characteristics associated with summer season rainfall of Taiwan and Palau. Taiwan and Palau's raindrop spectra showed a significant difference, with a higher concentration of middle and large drops in Taiwan than Palau rainfall. RSD stratified on the basis of rain rate showed a higher mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm) and a lower normalized intercept parameter (log10Nw) in Taiwan than Palau rainfall. Precipitation classification into stratiform and convective regimes showed higher Dm values in Taiwan than Palau. Furthermore, for both the locations, the convective precipitation has a higher Dm value than stratiform precipitation. The radar reflectivity-rain rate relations (Z = A*Rb) of Taiwan and Palau showed a clear variation in the coefficient and a less variation in exponent values. Terrain-influenced clouds extended to higher altitudes over Taiwan resulted with higher Dm and lower log10Nw values as compared to Palau.
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U2 - 10.1002/2017JD026816
DO - 10.1002/2017JD026816
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85033609142
SN - 2169-897X
VL - 122
SP - 11,787-11,805
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
IS - 21
ER -