A rule-based decision-making diagnosis system to evaluate arteriovenous shunt stenosis for hemodialysis treatment of patients using fuzzy petri nets

This paper proposes a rule-based decision-making diagnosis system to evaluate arteriovenous shunt (AVS) stenosis for long-term hemodialysis treatment of patients using fuzzy petri nets (FPNs). AVS stenoses are often associated with blood sounds, resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel. Phonoangiography provides a noninvasive technique to monitor the sounds of the AVS. Since the power spectra changes in frequency and amplitude with the degree of AVS stenosis, it is difficult to make a human-made decision to judge the degree using a combination of those variances. The Burg autoregressive (AR) method is used to estimate the frequency spectra of a phonoangiographic signal and identify the characteristic frequencies. A rule-based decision-making method, FPNs, is designed as a decision-making system to evaluate the degree of stenosis (DOS) in routine examinations. For 42 long-term follow-up patients, the examination results show the proposed diagnosis system has greater efficiency in evaluating AVS stenosis.