TY - JOUR
T1 - A simple alternative method for preservation of 2-methylisoborneol in water samples
AU - Fan, Chun Cheng
AU - Chiu, Yi Ting
AU - Lin, Tsair Fuh
N1 - Funding Information:
4.ConclusionsThe experimental results for the deionized water show that both sodium hypochlorite at 2–10 mg/L and potassium permanganate at 10 mg/L may preserve 2-MIB in water for 14 days at 4 and 25 °C, with 2-MIB concentration reduction by <10% and <16%, respectively. However, when tested in natura◦ l water, permanganate failed to prevent concentration reduction of 2-MIB because of the formation of manganese dioxide particles from the reduction of permanganate and 2-MIB adsorption on the particle surface. The concentration reduction was 15%–50% for the three tested water samples. Sodium hypochlorite successfully inhibited the reduction of 2-MIB from biodegradation at both temperatures. If the residual chlorine was higher than 0.5 mg/L during the 14 day experimental period, the concentration change in 2-MIB was less than 13% for all three tested natural water samples. The rate of 2-MIB degradation during the preservation may be described by first-order reaction, with the rate constants decreasing with increasing chlorine concentration. This study demonstrates that sodium hypochlorite may be used as an alternative chemical to prevent 2-MIB from biodegradation hypochlorite may be usedin waaster sampan alternativeles before chemicalanalysis. to prevent 2-MIB from biodegradation in water samples before analysis. Author Contributions: All author make substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, Aanudth aonraClyosnistr iobfudtiaotnas. :AAllll aAuutthhoorrms apkaertsicuibpsattaen tiina ldcroanfttrinibguttihoen satroticcloen coerp rtieovnisainngddite scirgitni,caalclqyufisoirt ioimnpoofrdtaatnat, and analysis of data. All Authors participate in drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content. T.-F.L. for critical revision. Funding: This research was supported by the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (Number: MOST 103-Funding: This research was supported by the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (Number: 2221-E-006-011-MY3 and NSC 98-2221-E-006-022-MY3) and National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (the MOST 103-2221-E-006-011-MY3 and NSC 98-2221-E-006-022-MY3) and National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (the University Advancement Project sponsored by the Taiwan Ministry of Education).
Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (Number: MOST 103- 2221-E-006-011-MY3 and NSC 98-2221-E-006-022-MY3) and National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (the University Advancement Project sponsored by the Taiwan Ministry of Education).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2018/5/18
Y1 - 2018/5/18
N2 - 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is one of the most commonly observed taste and odor (T&O) compounds present in drinking water sources. As it is biodegradable, a preservation agent, typically mercury chloride, is needed if the water is not analyzed right after sampling. Since mercury is a toxic metal, an alternative chemical that is cheaper and less toxic is desirable. In this study, two chemicals commonly used in water treatment processes, chlorine (as sodium hypochlorite) and KMnO4 (potassium permanganate), are studied to determine their feasibility as preservation agents for 2-MIB in water. Preservation experiments were first conducted in deionized water spiked with 2-MIB and with chlorine or permanganate at 4 and 25◦ C. The results indicate that 2-MIB concentrations in the water samples spiked with both chemicals remained almost constant within 14 days for all the tested conditions, suggesting that oxidation and volatilization did not cause the loss of 2-MIB in the system. The experiments were further conducted for three different reservoir water samples with 30–60 ng/L of indulgent 2-MIB. The experimental results demonstrated that preservation with permanganate may have underestimated the 2-MIB concentration in the samples as a result of the formation of manganese dioxide particles in natural water and adsorption of 2-MIB onto the particles. Chlorine was demonstrated to be a good preservation agent for all three tested natural waters since oxidation of 2-MIB was negligible and biodegradation was inhibited. When the residual chlorine concentrations were controlled to be higher than 0.5 mg/L on the final day (day 14) of the experiments, the concentration reduction of 2-MIB became lower than 13% at both of the tested temperatures. The results demonstrated that sodium hypochlorite can be used as an alternative preservation agent for 2-MIB in water before analysis.
AB - 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is one of the most commonly observed taste and odor (T&O) compounds present in drinking water sources. As it is biodegradable, a preservation agent, typically mercury chloride, is needed if the water is not analyzed right after sampling. Since mercury is a toxic metal, an alternative chemical that is cheaper and less toxic is desirable. In this study, two chemicals commonly used in water treatment processes, chlorine (as sodium hypochlorite) and KMnO4 (potassium permanganate), are studied to determine their feasibility as preservation agents for 2-MIB in water. Preservation experiments were first conducted in deionized water spiked with 2-MIB and with chlorine or permanganate at 4 and 25◦ C. The results indicate that 2-MIB concentrations in the water samples spiked with both chemicals remained almost constant within 14 days for all the tested conditions, suggesting that oxidation and volatilization did not cause the loss of 2-MIB in the system. The experiments were further conducted for three different reservoir water samples with 30–60 ng/L of indulgent 2-MIB. The experimental results demonstrated that preservation with permanganate may have underestimated the 2-MIB concentration in the samples as a result of the formation of manganese dioxide particles in natural water and adsorption of 2-MIB onto the particles. Chlorine was demonstrated to be a good preservation agent for all three tested natural waters since oxidation of 2-MIB was negligible and biodegradation was inhibited. When the residual chlorine concentrations were controlled to be higher than 0.5 mg/L on the final day (day 14) of the experiments, the concentration reduction of 2-MIB became lower than 13% at both of the tested temperatures. The results demonstrated that sodium hypochlorite can be used as an alternative preservation agent for 2-MIB in water before analysis.
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U2 - 10.3390/ijerph15051015
DO - 10.3390/ijerph15051015
M3 - Article
C2 - 29783625
AN - SCOPUS:85047252880
SN - 1661-7827
VL - 15
JO - International journal of environmental research and public health
JF - International journal of environmental research and public health
IS - 5
M1 - 1015
ER -