@inproceedings{9521dc8e513f49d88c64a2029ecf0ff4,
title = "Affective structure modeling of speech using probabilistic context free grammar for emotion recognition",
abstract = "A complete emotional expression typically contains a complex temporal course in a natural conversation. Related research on utterance-level and segment-level processing lacks understanding of the underlying structure of emotional speech. In this study, a hierarchical affective structure of an emotional utterance characterized by the probabilistic context free grammars (PCFGs) is proposed for emotion modeling. SVM-based emotion profiles are obtained and employed to segment the utterance into emotionally consistent segments. Vector quantization is applied to convert the emotion profile of each segment into codewords. A binary tree in which each node represents a codeword is constructed to characterize the affective structure of the utterance modeled by PCFG. Given an input utterance, the output emotion is determined according to the PCFG-based emotion model with the highest likelihood of the speech segments along with the score of the affective structure. For evaluation, the EMO-DB database and its expansion in utterance length were conducted. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieved emotion recognition accuracy of 87.22{\%} for long utterances and outperformed the SVM-based method.",
author = "Huang, {Kun Yi} and Lin, {Jia Kuan} and Chiu, {Yu Hsien} and Wu, {Chung Hsien}",
year = "2015",
month = "8",
day = "4",
doi = "10.1109/ICASSP.2015.7178980",
language = "English",
series = "ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
pages = "5286--5290",
booktitle = "2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2015 - Proceedings",
address = "United States",
note = "40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2015 ; Conference date: 19-04-2014 Through 24-04-2014",
}