Analysis and implementation of novel energy management system for electric vehicles

Efficiency of powertrains and usable energy of energy storage systems are critical to the recharge mileage of electric vehicles. The lithium ion battery is not an ideal voltage source, because the impedance of the battery has higher energy consumption while outputting high current to electric motors, which will decrease recharge mileages and lifespan of the battery. The connecting-switching strategy of the battery module, i.e. the energy storage transmission model, could be a potential resolution for decreasing the C-rate and impedance. The operation concept is working like a transmission gearbox to match the impedance. Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) have been employed via the approach of maximum torque per ampere for improving the efficiency. The result of hardware-in-the-loop simulation on the proposed approach shows that the averaged C-rate and energy consumption can be improved.