Classifying hand sensorimotor functions of the chronic kidney disease patients using novel manual tactile test and pinch-holdingup activity

Hand function deterioration brings about inconvenience to the daily lives of the chronic kidney disease patients. However, a full spectrum of hand function examination is absent. Therefore, this study aimed to classify the hand sensorimotor functions of the chronic kidney disease patients using the novel sensorimotor assessment tools, manual tactile test (MTT) and pinch-holding-up activity (PHUA) test, and explore the feasibility in comparison with traditional evaluations in the clinical practice. 68 stage-5 chronic kidney disease patients and 50 healthy subjects were recruited in this study. A series of conventional evaluations and two novel hand function tools, manual tactile test and pinch-holding-up activity test were conducted from the perspective of hand dexterity, sensory input threshold, force generation and sensorimotor control. Independent t-test was used to find out group differences and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine accuracy of the tests. In our results, significant reduction of hand dexterity, sensory input, force generation and sensorimotor control was found in patients from an overall perspective. This trend was discovered to be the same when dividing the subjects into the old and young age group. From the receiver operator characteristic curves, nearly all the areas under the curve of all tests were over 0.8. The novel evaluation tools, the manual tactile test and pinch-holding-up activity, were found to have comparable or even better accuracy than the traditional ones. The shape and weight subtests of the manual tactile test displayed the highest accuracy. To sum up, by incorporating the novel and conventional assessment tests, this study built up the fundamental understanding of the hand functions in multiple dimensions and consolidate the clinical merits of applying the two novel tools, manual tactile test and pinch-holding-up activity, on chronic kidney disease patients.