@article{d3c39f68586d493db391189704e75d72,
title = "Cu/Cu2O nanocomposite films as a p-type modified layer for efficient perovskite solar cells",
abstract = "Cu/Cu2O films grown by ion beam sputtering were used as p-type modified layers to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an n-i-p heterojunction structure. The ratio of Cu to Cu2O in the films can be tuned by the oxygen flow ratio (O2/(O2 + Ar)) during the sputtering of copper. Auger electron spectroscopy was performed to determine the elemental composition and chemical state of Cu in the films. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed that the valence band maximum of the p-type Cu/Cu2O matches well with the perovskite. The Cu/Cu2O film not only acts as a p-type modified layer but also plays the role of an electron blocking buffer layer. By introducing the p-type Cu/Cu2O films between the low-mobility hole transport material, spiro-OMeTAD, and the Ag electrode in the PSCs, the device durability and power conversion efficiency (PCE) were effectively improved as compared to the reference devices without the Cu/Cu2O interlayer. The enhanced PCE is mainly attributed to the high hole mobility of the p-type Cu/Cu2O film. Additionally, the Cu/Cu2O film serves as a protective layer against the penetration of humidity and Ag into the perovskite active layer.",
author = "Chen, {You Jyun} and Li, {Ming Hsien} and Huang, {Jung Chun Andrew} and Peter Chen",
note = "Funding Information: Prof. J. C. A. Huang is grateful for the research grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan under contract numbers 103-2923-M-006-001-MY3 and 104-2119-M-006-018-MY3. Prof. Chen thanks MOST of Taiwan for the research grant under contract numbers 103-2221-E-006-029-MY3, 105-2623-E-006-002-ET, and 104-2119-M-006-004. Funding Information: Prof. J. C. A. Huang is grateful for the research grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan under contract numbers 103-2923-M-006-001-MY3 and 104-2119-M-006-018-MY3. Prof. Chen thanks MOST of Taiwan for the research grant under contract numbers 103-2221-E-006-029-MY3, 105-2623-E-006-002-ET, and 104-2119-M-006-004. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Top-Notch Project under the Headquarter of University Advancement at National Cheng Kung University, which is sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Taiwan. Funding from the Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center (AOTC), Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy (RCETS), and National Cheng Kung University is also acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank Dr. J. F. Lee of the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) for valuable technical support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s).",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41598-018-25975-8",
language = "English",
volume = "8",
journal = "Scientific reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}