Cyclic pushover analysis for seismic response evaluation of a full-scale 10-story steel building tested on the E-Defense shake-table

In February 2023, shaking table tests on a full-scale 10-story steel building was conducted at the E-Defense facility to advance seismic structural techniques and validate numerical analysis models. This study presents a reliable and straightforward structural analysis method, cyclic pushover analysis (CPA), coupled with a simplified numerical simulation approach to capture global and local nonlinear seismic responses of the E-Defense 10-story test structure. CPA applies a cyclic displacement protocol with an appropriate lateral load distribution to a representative height of the structure, providing cyclic hysteresis curves and accounting for cumulative damage, unlike conventional pushover analysis. This results in a more precise evaluation of the structure's stiffness, strength, and displacement demands. The CPA and nonlinear modeling methods were verified using experimental data to ensure accurate system-level predictions. The numerical model of the test structure was built in OpenSees, integrating nonlinear rotational spring models capable of addressing stiffness/strength degradation of structural members and composite slab effects. The CPA displacement protocol was implemented based on the test records on the building roof. Three methods for calculating lateral force distributions in CPA were compared against experimental results. The outcomes indicate that the proposed CPA can accurately reproduce the same global and local responses observed during large ground motions. Additionally, the effect of individual structural components on the 10-story specimen and the damage mechanisms of the system are evaluated in detail based on the models with and without considering the slab effects.