Deep Eutectic Solvent-Mediated Synthesis of Spinel Zinc Chromite Nanoparticles: A Simple Label-Free Electrochemical Sensor for Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid

Dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) abnormal concentrations are intimately associated with many disorders, making the detection of these tiny molecules essential for keeping track of metabolic processes and preserving health. Due to its practicality from an economic standpoint, great sensitivity, and outstanding selectivity, electrochemical detection is a common technique for detecting tiny compounds. This technique’s creation and use are equally crucial and cannot be disregarded. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and distinctive characteristics, nanomaterials are well-suited for various applications. In this study, we synthesized ZnCr₂O₄ nanoparticles using an easy hydrothermal method. Given the difficulty of synthesizing nanoparticles and their importance in modern society, our research concentrated on this field. Based on statistical analysis, our results are consistent with the fabrication approach’s anticipated results. This research aims to create electrochemical sensors that detect AA and DA in real time using ZnCr₂O₄ nanocatalysts. The constructed sensor’s oxidation potential is also significantly lower than that of recently published sensors of DA (E_pa = 0.25 V) and AA (E_pa = 0.45 V). In the concentration range of DA = 0.001-139 μM and AA = 0.01-126 μM, the suggested ZnCr₂O₄/GCE electrochemical sensing medium was used to detect AA and DA with great sensitivity. For AA and DA, the sensor demonstrated a detection limit of DA = 0.18 nM and AA = 12.56 nM. Furthermore, the ZnCr₂O₄/GCE sensor was an excellent tool for a technical feasibility study because the chosen possible interferences did not affect AA and DA sensing.