@article{956b0d44765b4da3ad598b864628ccb2,
title = "Density Depletions Associated With Enhancements of Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Emissions: An ERG Observation",
abstract = "In this study, we describe small-scale density depletions of cold electrons associated with electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves observed by the ERG (Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace) spacecraft during a plasmapause crossing near the magnetic equator in the postmidnight sector. The total electron density was roughly 2 orders of magnitude larger than that of the hot electrons, indicating existence of a cold and dense electron population below ∼20 eV. The cold electron density profile showed small-scale density depletion regions, in which the ECH emissions were intensified. Moreover, a flux enhancement of hot electrons in the perpendicular direction was also associated with the ECH emissions intensity. This relation suggests perpendicular energization of electrons by electric field oscillation of the ECH waves.",
author = "Y. Kazama and H. Kojima and Y. Miyoshi and Y. Kasahara and H. Usui and Wang, {B. J.} and Wang, {S. Y.} and Tam, {S. W.Y.} and Chang, {T. F.} and Ho, {P. T.P.} and K. Asamura and A. Kumamoto and F. Tsuchiya and Y. Kasaba and S. Matsuda and M. Shoji and A. Matsuoka and M. Teramoto and T. Takashima and I. Shinohara",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under Contract MOST 106-2111-M-001-011, and by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI Grants 15H05747, 15H05815, 16H06286, 16H04056, and 17H06140. The data used in this study are as follows: LEPe data are Level 1 v5 calibrated data (identical to Level 2 data), HFA spectrogram data are Level 2 v01_01 data, OFA-E spectrogram data are Level 2 v02_01 data, HFA UHR frequency data are Level 3 v00_02 data, EFD spacecraft potential data are Level 1 prime v07, and MGF magnetic field data are Level 2 v01_01 data. All the data were calibrated/evaluated by the instrument teams. Science data of the ERG (Arase) spacecraft were obtained from the ERG Science Center operated by ISAS/JAXA and ISEE/Nagoya University (https://ergsc.isee.nagoya-u. ac.jp/index.shtml.en). The ERG spacecraft data will be publicly available via the ERG Science Center on a project-agreed schedule. The Dst index data were provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto University (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac. jp/ae_provisional/index.html). Funding Information: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under Contract MOST 106-2111-M-001-011, and by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI Grants 15H05747, 15H05815, 16H06286, 16H04056, and 17H06140. The data used in this study are as follows: LEPe data are Level 1 v5 calibrated data (identical to Level 2 data), HFA spectrogram data are Level 2 v01_01 data, OFA-E spectrogram data are Level 2 v02_01 data, HFA UHR frequency data are Level 3 v00_02 data, EFD spacecraft potential data are Level 1 prime v07, and MGF magnetic field data are Level 2 v01_01 data. All the data were calibrated/evaluated by the instrument teams. Science data of the ERG (Arase) spacecraft were obtained from the ERG Science Center operated by ISAS/JAXA and ISEE/Nagoya University (https://ergsc.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/index.shtml.en). The ERG spacecraft data will be publicly available via the ERG Science Center on a project-agreed schedule. The Dst index data were provided by the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto University (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ae_provisional/index.html). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = oct,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1029/2018GL080117",
language = "English",
volume = "45",
pages = "10,075--10,083",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "19",
}