Detection of carotid artery calcification on the panoramic images of post-menopausal females is significantly associated with severe abdominal aortic calcification: A risk indicator of future adverse vascular events

Objectives: Outcome studies among post-menopausal females with calcified carotid artery plaque (CCAP) on their panoramic images have not been previously undertaken. We sought to compare the extent of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) on lateral lumbar spine radiographs (LLSRs), among groups of females with (CCAP1) and without (CCAP2) carotid lesions on their panoramic images. "Severe" levels of AAC have previously been validated as a risk indicator of future adverse cardiovascular events. Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study included a "CCAP1 group" consisting of females more than 50 years of age having the carotid lesion diagnosed by their dentists and an atherogenic risk factor (age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia)-matched "CCAP2 group". A physician radiologist, using the Framingham index, evaluated the LLSRs for the magnitude of AAC. Summary statistics for key variables were computed and conditional logistic regression techniques were considered. Results: Members of the CCAP1 group were significantly (p50.038) more likely to demonstrate "severe" levels of AAC on their LLSRs than members of the CCAP group. Conclusions: This is the first published study demonstrating that CCAP on panoramic images of post-menopausal females is significantly associated with "severe" levels of AACs on LLSRs independent of traditional risk factors. Given that these levels of AAC are a validated risk indicator of future myocardial infarction and stroke, dentists must evaluate the panoramic images of post-menopausal females for the presence of CCAP. Patients with carotid atheromas should be referred to their physicians for further evaluation given the systemic implications.