TY - JOUR
T1 - Dopaminergic and glutamatergic biomarkers disruption in addiction and regulation by exercise
T2 - a mini review
AU - Abdullah, Muhammad
AU - Huang, Li Chung
AU - Lin, Shih Hsien
AU - Yang, Yen Kuang
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 108-2314-B-006-046] and National Cheng Kung University Hospital [NCKUH-10905018].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Introduction: Drug addiction is associated with disruption of a multitude of biomarkers in various brain regions, particularly in the reward centre. The most pronounced are dopaminergic and glutamatergic biomarkers, which are affected at various levels. Neuropathological changes in biomarkers alter the homeostasis of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic nervous systems and promote addiction-associated characteristics such as repeated intake, maintenance, withdrawal, reinstatement, and relapse. Exercise has been shown to have a buffering effect on such biomarkers and reverse the effects of addictive substances. Methods: A review of the literature searched in PubMed, examining drug addiction and physical exercise in relation to dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems at any of the three biomarker levels (i.e. neurotransmitter, receptor, or transporter). Results: We review the collective impact of addictive substances on the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems and the beneficial effect of exercise in terms of reversing the damage to these systems. We propose future directions, including implications of exercise as an add-on therapy, substance use disorder (SUD) prognosis and diagnosis and designing of optimised exercise and pharmaceutical regimens based on the aforementioned biomarkers. Conclusion: Exercise is beneficial for all types of drug addiction at all stages, by reversing molecular damages caused to dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems.
AB - Introduction: Drug addiction is associated with disruption of a multitude of biomarkers in various brain regions, particularly in the reward centre. The most pronounced are dopaminergic and glutamatergic biomarkers, which are affected at various levels. Neuropathological changes in biomarkers alter the homeostasis of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic nervous systems and promote addiction-associated characteristics such as repeated intake, maintenance, withdrawal, reinstatement, and relapse. Exercise has been shown to have a buffering effect on such biomarkers and reverse the effects of addictive substances. Methods: A review of the literature searched in PubMed, examining drug addiction and physical exercise in relation to dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems at any of the three biomarker levels (i.e. neurotransmitter, receptor, or transporter). Results: We review the collective impact of addictive substances on the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems and the beneficial effect of exercise in terms of reversing the damage to these systems. We propose future directions, including implications of exercise as an add-on therapy, substance use disorder (SUD) prognosis and diagnosis and designing of optimised exercise and pharmaceutical regimens based on the aforementioned biomarkers. Conclusion: Exercise is beneficial for all types of drug addiction at all stages, by reversing molecular damages caused to dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems.
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U2 - 10.1080/1354750X.2022.2049367
DO - 10.1080/1354750X.2022.2049367
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35236200
AN - SCOPUS:85126660579
SN - 1354-750X
VL - 27
SP - 306
EP - 318
JO - Biomarkers
JF - Biomarkers
IS - 4
ER -