Abstract
The effect of Ag on the microstructure and thermal behavior of Sn-Zn and Sn-8.5Zn-xAg-0.01Al-0.1Ga solders (x from 0.1 wt.% to 1 wt.%) under high-temperature/relative humidity conditions (85 C/85% RH) for various exposure times was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that, in all the investigated solders, the primary α-Zn phases were surrounded by eutectic β-Sn/α-Zn phases, in which fine Zn platelets were dispersed in the β-Sn matrix. SEM micrographs revealed that increase of the Ag content to 1 wt.% resulted in coarsening of the dendritic plates and diminished the Sn-9Zn eutectic phase in the microstructure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed that the melting temperature of Sn-8.5Zn-xAg-0.01Al-0.1Ga solder decreased from 199.6 C to 199.2 C with increase of the Ag content in the solder alloy. Both ZnO and SnO2 along with Ag-Zn intermetallic compound (IMC) were formed on the surface when Sn-8.5Zn-0.5Ag-0.01Al-0.1Ga solder was exposed to high-temperature/high-humidity conditions (85 C/85% RH) for 100 h. The thickness of the ZnO phase increased as the Ag content and exposure time were increased. Sn whiskers of various shapes and lengths varying from 2 μm to 5 μm were extruded from the surface when the investigated five-element solder with Ag content varying from 0.5 wt.% to 1 wt.% was exposed to similar temperature/humidity conditions for 250 h. The length and density of the whiskers increased with further increase of the exposure time to 500 h and the Ag content in the solder to 1 wt.%. The Sn whisker growth was driven by the compressive stress in the solder, which was generated due to the volume expansion caused by ZnO and Ag-Zn intermetallic compound formation at the grain boundaries of Sn.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 616-627 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Journal of Electronic Materials |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2013 Apr 1 |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Materials Chemistry
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Effect of Ag on the microstructure of Sn-8.5Zn-xAg-0.01Al-0.1Ga solders under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions. / Yeh, T. K.; Lin, Kwang-Lung; Mohanty, U. S.
In: Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 42, No. 4, 01.04.2013, p. 616-627.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Ag on the microstructure of Sn-8.5Zn-xAg-0.01Al-0.1Ga solders under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions
AU - Yeh, T. K.
AU - Lin, Kwang-Lung
AU - Mohanty, U. S.
PY - 2013/4/1
Y1 - 2013/4/1
N2 - The effect of Ag on the microstructure and thermal behavior of Sn-Zn and Sn-8.5Zn-xAg-0.01Al-0.1Ga solders (x from 0.1 wt.% to 1 wt.%) under high-temperature/relative humidity conditions (85 C/85% RH) for various exposure times was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that, in all the investigated solders, the primary α-Zn phases were surrounded by eutectic β-Sn/α-Zn phases, in which fine Zn platelets were dispersed in the β-Sn matrix. SEM micrographs revealed that increase of the Ag content to 1 wt.% resulted in coarsening of the dendritic plates and diminished the Sn-9Zn eutectic phase in the microstructure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed that the melting temperature of Sn-8.5Zn-xAg-0.01Al-0.1Ga solder decreased from 199.6 C to 199.2 C with increase of the Ag content in the solder alloy. Both ZnO and SnO2 along with Ag-Zn intermetallic compound (IMC) were formed on the surface when Sn-8.5Zn-0.5Ag-0.01Al-0.1Ga solder was exposed to high-temperature/high-humidity conditions (85 C/85% RH) for 100 h. The thickness of the ZnO phase increased as the Ag content and exposure time were increased. Sn whiskers of various shapes and lengths varying from 2 μm to 5 μm were extruded from the surface when the investigated five-element solder with Ag content varying from 0.5 wt.% to 1 wt.% was exposed to similar temperature/humidity conditions for 250 h. The length and density of the whiskers increased with further increase of the exposure time to 500 h and the Ag content in the solder to 1 wt.%. The Sn whisker growth was driven by the compressive stress in the solder, which was generated due to the volume expansion caused by ZnO and Ag-Zn intermetallic compound formation at the grain boundaries of Sn.
AB - The effect of Ag on the microstructure and thermal behavior of Sn-Zn and Sn-8.5Zn-xAg-0.01Al-0.1Ga solders (x from 0.1 wt.% to 1 wt.%) under high-temperature/relative humidity conditions (85 C/85% RH) for various exposure times was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that, in all the investigated solders, the primary α-Zn phases were surrounded by eutectic β-Sn/α-Zn phases, in which fine Zn platelets were dispersed in the β-Sn matrix. SEM micrographs revealed that increase of the Ag content to 1 wt.% resulted in coarsening of the dendritic plates and diminished the Sn-9Zn eutectic phase in the microstructure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed that the melting temperature of Sn-8.5Zn-xAg-0.01Al-0.1Ga solder decreased from 199.6 C to 199.2 C with increase of the Ag content in the solder alloy. Both ZnO and SnO2 along with Ag-Zn intermetallic compound (IMC) were formed on the surface when Sn-8.5Zn-0.5Ag-0.01Al-0.1Ga solder was exposed to high-temperature/high-humidity conditions (85 C/85% RH) for 100 h. The thickness of the ZnO phase increased as the Ag content and exposure time were increased. Sn whiskers of various shapes and lengths varying from 2 μm to 5 μm were extruded from the surface when the investigated five-element solder with Ag content varying from 0.5 wt.% to 1 wt.% was exposed to similar temperature/humidity conditions for 250 h. The length and density of the whiskers increased with further increase of the exposure time to 500 h and the Ag content in the solder to 1 wt.%. The Sn whisker growth was driven by the compressive stress in the solder, which was generated due to the volume expansion caused by ZnO and Ag-Zn intermetallic compound formation at the grain boundaries of Sn.
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U2 - 10.1007/s11664-012-2389-7
DO - 10.1007/s11664-012-2389-7
M3 - Article
VL - 42
SP - 616
EP - 627
JO - Journal of Electronic Materials
JF - Journal of Electronic Materials
SN - 0361-5235
IS - 4
ER -