TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of childhood adversity and its interaction with the maoa, bdnf, and comt polymorphisms on subclinical attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in generally healthy youth
AU - Tsai, Meng Che
AU - Jhang, Kai Jyun
AU - Lee, Chih Ting
AU - Lin, Yu Fang
AU - Strong, Carol
AU - Lin, Yi Ching
AU - Hsieh, Yi Ping
AU - Lin, Chung Ying
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This study was supported by a research grant awarded to C.-T.L. from the National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH-20200019) and another research grant awarded to M.-C.T. from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (105-2628-B-006-010-MY3).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - We aimed to investigate the effects of childhood adversity and its interaction with the polymorphisms in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes on attention and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a community sample of generally healthy youth. Participants (N = 432) completed questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness) and adverse childhood experiences, such as adverse environments (AEs) and childhood maltreatment (CM). Salivary genomic DNA was used to test polymorphisms in MAOA, BDNF, and COMT genes. A gene score (GS) was created based on the number of risk allele in the studied genes. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the genetic and environmental effects on ADHD symptoms. The univariate analysis indicated that CM was significantly associated with inattention (β = 0.48 [95% confidence interval 0.16–0.79]), hyperactivity (0.25 [0.06–0.45]), and impulsiveness (1.16 [0.26–2.05]), while the GS was associated with hyperactivity (0.22 [0.11–0.33]) and impulsiveness (0.56 [0.06–1.05]). Only the GS remained significantly associated with hyperactivity (0.25 [0.12–0.37]) and impulsiveness (0.79 [0.20–1.38]) when the gene-environment interaction term was added in the model. No effects were found for AE and the gene-environment interaction term. In conclusion, CM was associated with ADHD symptoms in emerging adulthood. Genetic factors may also play a significant role in the association with these outcomes.
AB - We aimed to investigate the effects of childhood adversity and its interaction with the polymorphisms in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes on attention and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in a community sample of generally healthy youth. Participants (N = 432) completed questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness) and adverse childhood experiences, such as adverse environments (AEs) and childhood maltreatment (CM). Salivary genomic DNA was used to test polymorphisms in MAOA, BDNF, and COMT genes. A gene score (GS) was created based on the number of risk allele in the studied genes. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the genetic and environmental effects on ADHD symptoms. The univariate analysis indicated that CM was significantly associated with inattention (β = 0.48 [95% confidence interval 0.16–0.79]), hyperactivity (0.25 [0.06–0.45]), and impulsiveness (1.16 [0.26–2.05]), while the GS was associated with hyperactivity (0.22 [0.11–0.33]) and impulsiveness (0.56 [0.06–1.05]). Only the GS remained significantly associated with hyperactivity (0.25 [0.12–0.37]) and impulsiveness (0.79 [0.20–1.38]) when the gene-environment interaction term was added in the model. No effects were found for AE and the gene-environment interaction term. In conclusion, CM was associated with ADHD symptoms in emerging adulthood. Genetic factors may also play a significant role in the association with these outcomes.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116244805&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85116244805&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/children7090122
DO - 10.3390/children7090122
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85116244805
SN - 2227-9067
VL - 7
JO - Children
JF - Children
IS - 9
M1 - 122
ER -