@article{6219e27716724c3ba92cbfe233db6a8a,
title = "Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019",
abstract = "This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, provides an update, since our previous extensive assessment (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, 18, 595-828), of recent findings of current and projected interactive environmental effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, stratospheric ozone, and climate change. These effects include those on human health, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and materials used in construction and other services. The present update evaluates further evidence of the consequences of human activity on climate change that are altering the exposure of organisms and ecosystems to UV radiation. This in turn reveals the interactive effects of many climate change factors with UV radiation that have implications for the atmosphere, feedbacks, contaminant fate and transport, organismal responses, and many outdoor materials including plastics, wood, and fabrics. The universal ratification of the Montreal Protocol, signed by 197 countries, has led to the regulation and phase-out of chemicals that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this treaty has had unprecedented success in protecting the ozone layer, and hence all life on Earth from damaging UV radiation, it is also making a substantial contribution to reducing climate warming because many of the chemicals under this treaty are greenhouse gases.",
author = "Bernhard, {G. H.} and Neale, {R. E.} and Barnes, {P. W.} and Neale, {P. J.} and Zepp, {R. G.} and Wilson, {S. R.} and Andrady, {A. L.} and Bais, {A. F.} and McKenzie, {R. L.} and Aucamp, {P. J.} and Young, {P. J.} and Liley, {J. B.} and Lucas, {R. M.} and S. Yazar and Rhodes, {L. E.} and Byrne, {S. N.} and Hollestein, {L. M.} and Olsen, {C. M.} and Young, {A. R.} and Robson, {T. M.} and Bornman, {J. F.} and Jansen, {M. A.K.} and Robinson, {S. A.} and Ballar{\'e}, {C. L.} and Williamson, {C. E.} and Rose, {K. C.} and Banaszak, {A. T.} and H{\"a}der, {D. P.} and S. Hylander and W{\"a}ngberg, {S. A.} and Austin, {A. T.} and Hou, {W. C.} and Paul, {N. D.} and S. Madronich and B. Sulzberger and Solomon, {K. R.} and H. Li and T. Schikowski and J. Longstreth and Pandey, {K. K.} and Heikkil{\"a}, {A. M.} and White, {C. C.}",
note = "Funding Information: Support by the U.S. Global Change Research Program is gratefully acknowledged for: Anthony Andrady, Paul Barnes (also supported by the J.H. Endowment for Environmental Biology), Germar Bernhard, Sasha Madronich, Kevin Rose (also supported by NSF DEB grant 1754265), and Craig Williamson (also supported by NSF DEB-1754276). Funding Information: The following funding and support is also gratefully acknowledged by: Marcel Jansen (Science Foundation Ireland (16-IA-4418)), Donat-P. H{\"a}der (Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Umwelt Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit), Samuel Hylander (the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and Linnaeus University), Patrick Neale (Smithsonian Institution), Rachel Neale (NHMRC Research Fellowship), Lesley Rhodes (NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre), Robyn Lucas (NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship), Sharon Robinson (Australian Research Council and the University of Wollongong{\textquoteright}s Global Challenges Program), Matthew Robson (partially supported by the University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological & Environmental Sciences, and by the Academy of Finland (#324555)), Stephen Wilson (University of Wollongong), Seyhan Yazar (Australian National Health and Medical Research Council CJ Martin Fellowship), and Richard Zepp (US Environmental Protection Agency). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Royal Society of Chemistry and Owner Societies.",
year = "2020",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1039/d0pp90011g",
language = "English",
volume = "19",
pages = "542--584",
journal = "Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences",
issn = "1474-905X",
publisher = "Royal Society of Chemistry",
number = "5",
}