Estimation of β for adaptive frequency bias setting in load frequency control

Utilities in the U.S. use tie-line bias control to share generation and frequency support in the interconnection. To ensure that the reliability and the responsibility of frequency support are maintained, NERC guidelines specify that the frequency bias coefficient - 10 B that a control area uses in its tie-line control be set as close as practical to the area's frequency response characteristic β. This paper presents an algorithm to estimate β online using variables commonly available from existing AGC system. Results showing the algorithm's performance in simulated conditions and on actual field data are presented. Issues related to using the estimated β in an adaptive frequency bias-setting control are examined.