Evaluation of a bioactive glass alloplast in treating periodontal intrabony defects

THIS STUDY EVALUATED THE USE OF bioactive glass (BG) for repairing/regenerating periodontal intrabony defects. Fourteen systemically healthy patients participated. Each patient had 2 contralateral sites with ≥ 6 mm clinical probing depth and radiographic evidence of an intrabony defect. One defect was treated with flap debridement plus BG (test) and the other with flap debridement alone (control). Baseline measurements included gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), position of the free gingival margin (S/FGM), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and mobility. At the time of surgery and at surgical reentry (9 to 13 months later), hard tissue measurements included: stent to defect base, bone crest to defect base, and defect width at the bone crest. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to analyze the treatment effect. Friedman's test was used to detect any significant changes of GI, PI and mobility at different time periods (baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and reentry). For multivariate analysis, the random coefficients mixed effect model was applied to adjust the intra-correlation effect. Both treatments resulted in decreased PD and gain of CAL. These changes were only significant (P < 0.05) for the BG treated sites (PD reduction = 1.24 ± 0.43 mm, CAL gain = 0.87 ± 0.38 mm) from baseline. Defect fill was significant for test (1.1 ± 0.4 mm) and control (1.4 ± 0.4 mm) alike (P ≤ 0.01). Although BG treated sites had more PD reduction and CAL gain than debridement only controls, there were no statistically significant differences between groups for any parameter measured. Further studies are required to clarify the beneficial effects, if any, of BG alloplast in treating periodontal intrabony defects.