TY - JOUR
T1 - Exercise training attenuates postoperative pain and expression of cytokines and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 in rats
AU - Chen, Yu Wen
AU - Lin, Min Fei
AU - Chen, Yu Chung
AU - Hung, Ching-Hsia
AU - Tzeng, Jann Inn
AU - Wang, Jhi Joung
PY - 2013/7/1
Y1 - 2013/7/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Exercise creates a variety of psychophysical effects, including altered pain perception. We investigated whether physical exercise reduces postincisional pain and cytokine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NR1) expression in a rat model of skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR)-evoked pain. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: sham operated, SMIR-sedentary (SS), SMIR-exercise, and sham operated-exercise. On postoperative day 8, trained rats started to run on a treadmill 55 min/d with an intensity of 18 meter/minute (m/min), 5 days per week for 4 weeks. NR1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) expressions in the spinal cord as well as mechanical hypersensitivity following SMIR surgery were assessed for 6 to 35 days. RESULTS: On postoperative day 6, SMIR-sedentary rats exhibited a marked hypersensitivity to von Frey stimuli. By contrast, SMIR-operated rats undergoing exercise demonstrated a quick recovery of mechanical hypersensitivity. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NR1 in the spinal cord were significantly increased in SS rats when compared with sham-operated rats on postoperative days 6, 21, and 35 after SMIR surgery. After the 4-week exercise intervention, the SMIR-exercise group showed lower NR1, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in the spinal cord than those in the SS group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that exercise training decreases persistent postsurgical pain caused by SMIR surgery. There appears to be a protective effect, probably relating to the decrease of NR1, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in the spinal cord of SMIR rats, after exercise intervention.
AB - BACKGROUND: Exercise creates a variety of psychophysical effects, including altered pain perception. We investigated whether physical exercise reduces postincisional pain and cytokine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NR1) expression in a rat model of skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR)-evoked pain. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: sham operated, SMIR-sedentary (SS), SMIR-exercise, and sham operated-exercise. On postoperative day 8, trained rats started to run on a treadmill 55 min/d with an intensity of 18 meter/minute (m/min), 5 days per week for 4 weeks. NR1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) expressions in the spinal cord as well as mechanical hypersensitivity following SMIR surgery were assessed for 6 to 35 days. RESULTS: On postoperative day 6, SMIR-sedentary rats exhibited a marked hypersensitivity to von Frey stimuli. By contrast, SMIR-operated rats undergoing exercise demonstrated a quick recovery of mechanical hypersensitivity. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NR1 in the spinal cord were significantly increased in SS rats when compared with sham-operated rats on postoperative days 6, 21, and 35 after SMIR surgery. After the 4-week exercise intervention, the SMIR-exercise group showed lower NR1, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in the spinal cord than those in the SS group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that exercise training decreases persistent postsurgical pain caused by SMIR surgery. There appears to be a protective effect, probably relating to the decrease of NR1, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in the spinal cord of SMIR rats, after exercise intervention.
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U2 - 10.1097/AAP.0b013e31828df3f9
DO - 10.1097/AAP.0b013e31828df3f9
M3 - Article
C2 - 23640243
AN - SCOPUS:84880911688
SN - 1098-7339
VL - 38
SP - 282
EP - 288
JO - Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
JF - Regional anesthesia and pain medicine
IS - 4
ER -