Function and performance of silicone copolymer (VI). Synthesis and novel solution behavior of water-soluble polysiloxanes with different hydrophiles

Silicone surfactants containing different pendant hydrophilic groups such as diethanol tertiary amine (SHE, nonionic), diethanol methyl quaternary amine (cationic) and triethyl quaternary amine (cationic) have been synthesized and characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR and gel permeation chromatography. The solution behavior of these novel surfactants has also been investigated by surface tension measurement and a fluorescence method. It has been observed that the surface tension of these surfactants decreases as a function of time at a very low polymer concentration (1 × 10^-4 wt%). At higher concentration (0.1 wt%), the equilibrium surface tensions reached very low values compared to that of typical polymer surfactants, for example, poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) block copolymer (EPE0.8). In addition, the low I₁/I₃ values of these silicone surfactants indicate the formation of polymer aggregates in aqueous solution, and an extremely low I₁/I₃ value of SHE (1.06) compared to other polymeric surfactants (EPE0.8) and conventional surfactants [poly(ethylene glycol n-nonyl phenyl ethers), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and sodium dodecyl sulfate] indicates its stronger hydrophobicity.