Generation of Soliton Pulses in Erbium and Thulium-Holmium Doped Fiber Lasers Using 2D Ternary Layered Material (FePSe₃)

Iron phosphorus triselenide (FePSe₃), a 2D ternary layered material, is proposed as a saturable absorber (SA) to induce mode locking in 1.5 µm erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) and 2 µm thulium/holmium doped fiber laser (THDFL). Stable mode-locked lasers are generated in both regions, with the center wavelengths of 1561.30 nm and 1907.84 nm, respectively. The repetition rate and pulse width for EDFL are 17.86 MHz and 0.88 ps, while for THDFL they are 12.32 MHz and 1.44 ps. FePSe₃ as SA offers various opportunities for further exploration of future photonics applications for 2D ternary layered materials.