Global Ramifications of Dust and Sandstorm Microbiota

Dust and sandstormevents inject substantial quantities of foreign microorganisms into global ecosystems,with the ability to impact distant environments. Themajority of thesemicroorganisms originate from deserts and drylandswhere the soil is laden with highly stress-resistantmicrobes capable of thriving under extremeenvironmental conditions, and a substantial portion of themsurvive long journeys through the atmosphere. This large-scale transmission of highly resilient alienmicrobial contaminants raises concernswith regards to the invasion of sensitive and/or pristine sink environments, and to human health-concerns exacerbated by increases in the rate of desertification. Further increases in the transport of dust-Associated microbiota could extend the spread of foreign microbes to newecosystems, increase their load in present sink environments, disrupt ecosystembalance, and potentially introduce new pathogens. Our present understanding of these microorganisms, their phylogenic affiliations and functional significance, is insufficient to determine their impact. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of available data regarding dust and sandstormmicrobiota and their potential ramifications on human and ecosystemhealth.We conclude by discussing current gaps in dust and sandstormmicrobiota research, and the need for collaborative studies involving high-resolution meta-omic approaches in conjunctionwith extensive ecological time-series studies to advance the field towards an improved and sufficient understanding of these invisible atmospheric travelers and their global ramifications.