TY - JOUR
T1 - Gradient Projection-Based Alternating Minimization Algorithm for Designing Hybrid Beamforming in Millimeter-Wave MIMO Systems
AU - Chen, Jung Chieh
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received September 28, 2018; accepted October 15, 2018. Date of publication October 30, 2018; date of current version January 8, 2019. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan under Grant MOST 107-2221-E-017-001-MY2. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was J. Choi.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 IEEE.
PY - 2019/1
Y1 - 2019/1
N2 - This letter considers the use of alternating minimization (AltMin) framework as the main design principle in determining the optimal weights of hybrid digital and analog beamforming in millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. However, such framework experiences analog beamformer design problem because analog beamformers are normally constructed using phase shifters (PSs), which result in non-convex constraints, and known solutions suffer from high computational complexity. We address this issue by proposing a simple yet efficient gradient projection (GP)-based AltMin (GP-AltMin) algorithm for hybrid beamforming design problems. In addition, when quantized PSs are adopted, we propose non-uniform PSs on the basis of the Lloyd-Max algorithm for minimizing the performance loss caused by quantization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GP-AltMin algorithm not only has lower complexity but can also achieve spectral efficiency, which is comparable with or higher than those of the state-of-the-art algorithms that use unquantized and low-resolution PSs.
AB - This letter considers the use of alternating minimization (AltMin) framework as the main design principle in determining the optimal weights of hybrid digital and analog beamforming in millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. However, such framework experiences analog beamformer design problem because analog beamformers are normally constructed using phase shifters (PSs), which result in non-convex constraints, and known solutions suffer from high computational complexity. We address this issue by proposing a simple yet efficient gradient projection (GP)-based AltMin (GP-AltMin) algorithm for hybrid beamforming design problems. In addition, when quantized PSs are adopted, we propose non-uniform PSs on the basis of the Lloyd-Max algorithm for minimizing the performance loss caused by quantization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GP-AltMin algorithm not only has lower complexity but can also achieve spectral efficiency, which is comparable with or higher than those of the state-of-the-art algorithms that use unquantized and low-resolution PSs.
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U2 - 10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2878712
DO - 10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2878712
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85055896583
SN - 1089-7798
VL - 23
SP - 112
EP - 115
JO - IEEE Communications Letters
JF - IEEE Communications Letters
IS - 1
M1 - 8515257
ER -