Gyrokinetic construction of wave equations at low frequencies in tokamaks

Using the gyrokinetic formalism, a conductivity tensor operator is constructed for low frequency perturbations. This operator includes the cold Alfven waves as well as kinetic Alfven waves. This operator should be appropriate for studies of toroidicity-induced Alfven waves as well as antenna coupling of global Alfven waves. In particular, terms normally missing in the usual magnetohydrodynamic description, as well as terms that are usually discarded in descriptions of Alfven wave heating, are retained in this formalism and are identified.