High dislocation density of tin induced by electric current

A dislocation density of as high as 10¹⁷ /m² in a tin strip, as revealed by high resolution transmission electron microscope, was induced by current stressing at 6.5 x 10³ A/ cm². The dislocations exist in terms of dislocation line, dislocation loop, and dislocation aggregates. Electron Backscattered Diffraction images reflect that the high dislocation density induced the formation of low deflection angle subgrains, high deflection angle Widmanstätten grains, and recrystallization. The recrystallization gave rise to grain refining.