High-Efficiency Bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells for Application under Indoor Light Conditions

High-efficiency, stable bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are prepared for application under indoor light conditions. A 3-methoxypropionitrile solvent and cobalt redox couples are utilized to prepare the electrolytes. To obtain the best cell performance, the components of the DSSCs, including electrolytes, photoanodes, and counter electrodes (CEs), are regulated. The experimental results indicate that an electrolyte comprising a Co (II/III) ratio of 0.11/0.025 M, 1.2 M 4-tert-butylpyridine, Y123 dye, a CE with the platinum (Pt) layer thickness of 0.16 nm, and a photoanode with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) layer thickness of 10 μm (6 μm main layer and 4 μm scattering layer) are the best conditions under which to achieve a high power conversion efficiency. It is also found that the best cells have high recombination resistance at the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface and low charge transfer resistance at the counter electrode/electrolyte interface, which contributes to, respectively, the high current density and open-circuit voltage of the corresponding cells. This DSSC can achieve efficiencies of 22.66%, 23.48%, and 24.52%, respectively, under T5 light illumination of 201.8, 607.8, and 999.6 lx. For fabrication of bifacial DSSCs with a semitransparent property, photoanodes without the TiO₂ scattering layer, as well as an ultrathin Pt film, are utilized. The thicknesses of the TiO₂ main layer and Pt film are reregulated. This shows that a Pt film with 0.55 nm thickness has both high transmittance (76.01%) and catalytic activity. By using an 8 μm TiO₂ main layer, optimal cell efficiencies of 20.65% and 17.31% can be achieved, respectively, for the front-side and back-side illuminations of 200 lx T5 light. The cells are highly stable during a long-term performance test at both 35 and 50 °C.