HIV, chemsex, and the need for harm-reduction interventions to support gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men

Numerous studies have identified an association between the use of drugs in sexual contexts (chemsex) and HIV among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), although whether a causal relationship exists is contentious. An intricate relationship exists between chemsex, HIV treatment and prevention, harm reduction, and the provision of community-grounded health services. Furthermore, potential harms exist beyond HIV, such as intoxication and overdose. Community-engaged responses to chemsex involve social and cultural strategies of harm reduction and sexual health promotion before, during, and after a chemsex session. Ultimately, this Review calls for actions and collaborations aimed at developing a greater understanding of chemsex as a practice within different GBMSM subpopulations and to develop tailored harm-reduction models that can accommodate GBMSM who engage in chemsex in various ways and with varied effects.