Immediate effects of thoracic mobilization versus soft tissue release on trunk motion, pain, and lumbar muscle activity in patients with chronic low back pain

Introduction: Thoracic mobilization and tissue release are common manual techniques in clinical practice. However, the relative effects of these two treatments on chronic low back pain (CLBP) have not yet been explored. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and compare the immediate effects of thoracic mobilization with those of soft tissue release on trunk movement, pain sensation, and muscle activity in patients with CLBP. Methods: 28 participants were randomly assigned to two intervention groups. The mobilization group received mobilization treatment at the hypomobile joints of the trunk segment, while the soft tissue release group received thoracolumbar fascia release and massage in the lumbar region. The trunk range of motion (ROM), tissue hardness, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and erector spinae activity during light-weight lifting tasks were measured before and immediately after both interventions. Findings: All measured outcomes in both groups improved after intervention (p < 0.05). The mobilization technique significantly improved side bending and rotation, PPT, and tissue hardness compared to soft tissue release. However, lumbar muscle activation reduced to a greater extent in the soft-tissue release group. Conclusion: Both techniques improved trunk ROM and PPT and reduced tissue hardness and muscle activation. Therefore, both these techniques are recommended for patients with CLBP. Trial registration: ISRCTN75190733.