Influence of enamel wetness on resin composite restorations using various dentine bonding agents: Part I-effects on marginal quality and enamel microcrack formation

Objectives: To investigate the influence of enamel wetness on marginal quality and enamel microcrack formation using various dentine bonding adhesives; and to determine the changes of marginal quality and enamel microcracks over time. Methods: Forty extracted molars were each prepared with a cylindrical cavity and divided into five groups. Groups 1-4 were acid-etched and treated separately with either an ethanol-based adhesive (Single Bond) or an acetone-based adhesive (Prime&Bond NT) on either dry or wet enamel. Teeth in Group 5 were treated with a self-etching adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond). Epoxy replicas of different stages were taken after cavity preparation, after restoration, after 24 h storage, and after thermocycling test. These replicas were examined under a scanning electron microscope for their restorative marginal quality and enamel microcrack. Quantitative measurement was performed to measure the length ratio of different margin patterns, and enamel microcracks. Results: There was no difference in the marginal quality when ethanol-base adhesive was applied on dry or wet dentin. The group using acetone-based adhesive on the dry enamel presented higher intact margin ratio than the group on wet enamel did only after restoration. Using self-etching primer led to higher open margin ratio at all stages. Enamel microcracks were found in all five groups and were higher in groups using acetone-based adhesives. Conclusion: Enamel wetness did not show a significantly adverse effect on the marginal quality of the restorations using either acetone- or ethanol-based adhesive. Using self-etching adhesive may lead to high incidence of margin deterioration.