Abstract
Objectives: We tested whether methylene blue, an inexpensive and safe photosensitizer, is feasible for photodynamic inactivation of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in the environment. Methods: By escalating light doses and photosensitizer concentrations, photoinactivation of EV71 and other enteroviruses was examined in vitro. Viral transmission in the environment was simulated with a neonatal mouse model in vivo. Possible mechanisms were analysed with alterations of viral DNA and proteins after treatments. Results: Photodynamic inactivation of EV71 in suspensions occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal condition for photoinactivating EV71 required a light dose of 200 J/cm2 in the presence of methylene blue. This photodynamic condition was also able to inactivate other enteroviruses, including poliovirus 1 and coxsackieviruses A2, A3, A16 and B3. In an imitation environment, EV71 spread on a solid surface was inactivated by methylene blue-mediated photodynamic inactivation and prevented EV71 transmission to mice. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis indicated that both the viral proteins and the genome were disrupted after photodynamic inactivation. Conclusions: Methylene blue-mediated photodynamic inactivation may provide a novel way to eliminate environmentally contaminated sources of EV71 to prevent infection.
Original language | English |
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Article number | dkq301 |
Pages (from-to) | 2176-2182 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy |
Volume | 65 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2010 Aug 18 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Pharmacology
- Microbiology (medical)
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology (medical)