TY - JOUR
T1 - Monascus-fermented metabolite monascin suppresses inflammation via PPAR-γ regulation and JNK inactivation in THP-1 monocytes
AU - Hsu, Wei Hsuan
AU - Lee, Bao Hong
AU - Liao, Te Han
AU - Hsu, Ya Wen
AU - Pan, Tzu Ming
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to express our gratitude to National Science Council, ROC, for supporting this research work (NSC100-2313-B-002-020) and subsidiary.
PY - 2012/5
Y1 - 2012/5
N2 - Fermentation products of the fungus Monascus offer valuable therapeutic benefits and have been used extensively for centuries in Asia. The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of the Monascus-fermented metabolite monascin (MS) on the molecular mechanism of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced inflammation in the human THP-1 monocyte cell line. We found that 1, 5, and 25μM of MS significantly attenuated several proinflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression as well as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) formation caused by OVA stimulation. Further, 5 and 25μM of MS significantly reduced the generation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) at both the protein and mRNA levels. MS (5 and 25μM) decreased OVA-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase (JNK), but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 kinase. We used the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) antagonist GW9662 to show that MS inhibit JNK phosphorylation through increased expression of PPAR-γ Thus, the metabolites from Monascus fermentation may serve as a dietary source of anti-inflammatory agents.
AB - Fermentation products of the fungus Monascus offer valuable therapeutic benefits and have been used extensively for centuries in Asia. The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of the Monascus-fermented metabolite monascin (MS) on the molecular mechanism of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced inflammation in the human THP-1 monocyte cell line. We found that 1, 5, and 25μM of MS significantly attenuated several proinflammatory mediators, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression as well as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) formation caused by OVA stimulation. Further, 5 and 25μM of MS significantly reduced the generation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) at both the protein and mRNA levels. MS (5 and 25μM) decreased OVA-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase (JNK), but not that of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or p38 kinase. We used the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) antagonist GW9662 to show that MS inhibit JNK phosphorylation through increased expression of PPAR-γ Thus, the metabolites from Monascus fermentation may serve as a dietary source of anti-inflammatory agents.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.029
DO - 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.029
M3 - Article
C2 - 22381257
AN - SCOPUS:84862811398
SN - 0278-6915
VL - 50
SP - 1178
EP - 1186
JO - Food and Chemical Toxicology
JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology
IS - 5
ER -