TY - JOUR
T1 - Morphology of midlatitude electron density enhancement using total electron content measurements
AU - Rajesh, P. K.
AU - Liu, J. Y.
AU - Balan, N.
AU - Lin, C. H.
AU - Sun, Y. Y.
AU - Pulinets, S. A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank C. Y. Chang and F. Y. Chang for their help in preliminary data processing. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that have helped to improve the manuscript. The GIM TEC data used in this work are obtained from the Center for Orbital Determination in Europe website (http:// aiuws.unibe.ch/ionosphere/), and the source of the GPS data is http://sopac. ucsd.edu/. The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC data have been taken from http://tacc. cwb.gov.tw/. This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology grants MOST 103-2628-M-008-001 to National Central University, Taiwan and 103-2111-M-006-003-MY3 and 103-2923- M-006-002-MY3 to National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
Publisher Copyright:
©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2016/2/1
Y1 - 2016/2/1
N2 - Using the global ionospheric map of total electron content in 2002-2009, this paper investigates anomalous, midlatitude electron density enhancement (MEDE) bounded by a tropical electron density trough and the usual midlatitude electron density trough at all times (24 h) of the day for the first time. The diurnal, seasonal, and longitudinal variations in the occurrence and strength of MEDE are studied at solar maximum (2002) and long deep solar minimum (2009), and latitude-longitude dependence is examined using the data in 2002-2009. The results show that the MEDE occurs at all times of the day though pronounced at night (2200-0400 LT), and in some cases the daytime occurrence could be more frequent than the corresponding nighttime occurrence. The strength maximizes at around 0400 LT and is weak during daytime. Both the occurrence and strength are, in general, predominant in winter at low solar activity and exhibit significant longitudinal dependence. The E × B drift, strength, and direction of neutral wind and ionosphere-plasmasphere plasma flow and their day-to-day variations are suggested to account for the existence of MEDE at all times of the day.
AB - Using the global ionospheric map of total electron content in 2002-2009, this paper investigates anomalous, midlatitude electron density enhancement (MEDE) bounded by a tropical electron density trough and the usual midlatitude electron density trough at all times (24 h) of the day for the first time. The diurnal, seasonal, and longitudinal variations in the occurrence and strength of MEDE are studied at solar maximum (2002) and long deep solar minimum (2009), and latitude-longitude dependence is examined using the data in 2002-2009. The results show that the MEDE occurs at all times of the day though pronounced at night (2200-0400 LT), and in some cases the daytime occurrence could be more frequent than the corresponding nighttime occurrence. The strength maximizes at around 0400 LT and is weak during daytime. Both the occurrence and strength are, in general, predominant in winter at low solar activity and exhibit significant longitudinal dependence. The E × B drift, strength, and direction of neutral wind and ionosphere-plasmasphere plasma flow and their day-to-day variations are suggested to account for the existence of MEDE at all times of the day.
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U2 - 10.1002/2015JA022251
DO - 10.1002/2015JA022251
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84956900930
SN - 2169-9402
VL - 121
SP - 1503
EP - 1517
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
IS - 2
ER -