TY - JOUR
T1 - Multivariate analysis reveals phenotypic diversity of Euscaphis japonica population
AU - Sun, Weihong
AU - Yuan, Xueyan
AU - Liu, Zhong Jian
AU - Lan, Siren
AU - Tsai, Wen chieh
AU - Zou, Shuang Quan
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China Projects (Grant No. 31700292), the Central Financial Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Project (Min[2018]TG14), the Special fund for science and technology innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Project Nos.CXZX2016072, CXZX2016073, CXZX2016074) and the Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Support Project (Grant No.118-KRC16006A). Special thanks Ou Bin (College of Forestry, Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Jiangxi Province) assist us to collect samples from JX population. Yi Zhu-gang (Zunyi Forestry Bureau, Guizhou Province), Zou Zhuang (Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences) and Quangzhou Forestry Bureau, who help us find natural populations of E. japonica.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - Fruit traits affect population genetic diversity by affecting seed protection and dispersal strategies, thereby comprising important components of phenotypic variation. Understanding of the phenotypic variation is an indispensable first step for developing breeding strategies. However, little information is known about the genetic variation in E. japonica—a monotypic species with abundant phenotypes that is mainly distributed in southern China. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic diversity of 67 E. japonica using 23 phenotypic traits. Our results showed that the Shannon–Wiener (I) index of qualitative traits ranged from 0.55 to 1.26, and the color traits had a relatively high I. The average coefficient of variation of compound leaf traits (14.74%) was higher than that of fruit and seed traits (12.77% and 11.47%, respectively). Principal component analysis also showed that compound leaf and fruit traits were important components of total variation. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a significant difference in elevation and fruit color, irregular ribs, leaf margin and texture. The F value within populations was smaller than among populations, indicating the variation in phenotypic traits among populations was much greater than within populations. Dehua and Zunyi populations had the highest coefficients of variation, whereas Wenzhou population had the smallest—which may be attributed to habitat destruction. According to Q-type clustering, 67 samples clustered into four groups, with those having similar phenotypes clustering into the same group. In general, leaf and fruit traits had abundant phenotypic diversity, representing the main sources of phenotypic variation. Combined with clustering results and field surveys, this study suggests that the phenotypes of E. japonica are classified into two main categories: The deciduous E. japonica present at high altitudes; and the evergreen E. japonica present at low altitudes. Excavating E. japonica variations provides a theoretical reference for its classification and diversity, and is of great significance for planning genetic resources and establishing conservation strategies.
AB - Fruit traits affect population genetic diversity by affecting seed protection and dispersal strategies, thereby comprising important components of phenotypic variation. Understanding of the phenotypic variation is an indispensable first step for developing breeding strategies. However, little information is known about the genetic variation in E. japonica—a monotypic species with abundant phenotypes that is mainly distributed in southern China. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic diversity of 67 E. japonica using 23 phenotypic traits. Our results showed that the Shannon–Wiener (I) index of qualitative traits ranged from 0.55 to 1.26, and the color traits had a relatively high I. The average coefficient of variation of compound leaf traits (14.74%) was higher than that of fruit and seed traits (12.77% and 11.47%, respectively). Principal component analysis also showed that compound leaf and fruit traits were important components of total variation. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a significant difference in elevation and fruit color, irregular ribs, leaf margin and texture. The F value within populations was smaller than among populations, indicating the variation in phenotypic traits among populations was much greater than within populations. Dehua and Zunyi populations had the highest coefficients of variation, whereas Wenzhou population had the smallest—which may be attributed to habitat destruction. According to Q-type clustering, 67 samples clustered into four groups, with those having similar phenotypes clustering into the same group. In general, leaf and fruit traits had abundant phenotypic diversity, representing the main sources of phenotypic variation. Combined with clustering results and field surveys, this study suggests that the phenotypes of E. japonica are classified into two main categories: The deciduous E. japonica present at high altitudes; and the evergreen E. japonica present at low altitudes. Excavating E. japonica variations provides a theoretical reference for its classification and diversity, and is of great significance for planning genetic resources and establishing conservation strategies.
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U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0219046
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0219046
M3 - Article
C2 - 31310621
AN - SCOPUS:85069743960
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 14
JO - PloS one
JF - PloS one
IS - 7
M1 - e0219046
ER -