@article{1496c4a9bd874ea3a2ffeb894b8f1700,
title = "Nontrivial gauge symmetry in high Tc superconductivity",
abstract = "The square lattice structure of CuO2 layers and the strongly correlated properties of electrons in cuprates were studied. A nontrivial gauge symmetry was used to analyze the spin and charge fluctuations characterizing the low energy magnetic excitations. Bogoliubov transformations were also used to determine the quasiparticle operators with respect to physical vacuum states. The analysis suggested that three SO(5) coherent pairing states describing different physical properties of strongly correlated electrons in cuprates was generated by different pair operators.",
author = "Zhang, \{Wei Min\}",
note = "Funding Information: (11) |Ω〉→ | Ω SO (5) 〉→ Zhang {\textquoteright} s SO (5) theory | Ω SO C (5) 〉→ SU (2) gauge theory | Ω SO M (5) 〉→ new discovery These three SO(5) coherent pairing states are generated by different pair operators, and they describe different physical properties of strongly correlated electrons in cuprates. Only the SO M (5) symmetry is capable of describing the low-lying magnetic excitations incorporating with the hopping dynamics. Specifically, all the three pairing states contains the d-wave superconducting phase. However, they carry different gauge degrees of freedom associated with different quantum fluctuations. In Zhang's SO Z (5) theory, the gauge symmetry is represented by the spin rotational SU S (2) group plus the charge U(1) group. It separately describes the SDW quantum fluctuation and the U(1) charge fluctuation but no hoppings. In Wen and Lee's SU(2) gauge theory, the SU C (2) gauge symmetry describes the CDW and the staggered flux phase but no AF feature. Only in the SO M (5) coherent pairing theory, the SU M (2)×U(1) gauge freedom can dynamically addresses quantum fluctuations of the AF amplitude and hoppings. This SU M (2)×U(1) gauge symmetry has not been realized in the previous study of high T c theories. It should be this SU M (2)×U(1) gauge symmetry that describes the various magnetic excitations in cuprates. I will discuss this possibility in more details in a separate publication. This work is supported by NCS 89-2112-M-006-029. ",
year = "2001",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1016/S0921-4534(01)00735-3",
language = "English",
volume = "364-365",
pages = "147--150",
journal = "Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications",
issn = "0921-4534",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}