Nostalgia as travel motivation and its impact on tourists' loyalty

This study examines associations among push and pull motives for travel in the context of Macau. As a cultural tourism destination, Macau possesses attributes that can meet tourists' need for nostalgia. Individuals high in nostalgia are attracted to Macau's historical and heritage pull attributes. However, in order to create loyalty, these pull attributes must also provide opportunities for family members or friends to bond. The study examines pull motives holistically and individually. The results indicate that while holistic examination of motives better predicts future intentions to visit, individual examination provides details that can help in understanding the interaction among different push and pull motives to visit a destination.