@article{14466c9f98ed4477b5edb772fadd5518,
title = "Numerical estimation of extreme waves and surges over the northwest Pacific Ocean",
abstract = "A coupled modelling framework, consisting of the FVCOM circulation model and FVCOM-SWAVE wave model, was used to numerically estimate extreme waves and surges over the northwest Pacific Ocean. The ECMWF ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis data with modification by a parametric typhoon model were used as surface forcing to simulate waves and surges for a 35-year period. The extreme waves and surges with a 100-year return period were then estimated with the Gumbel distribution. The results showed that the extreme wave heights generally decreased northward and shoreward, varying from 23 m in deepwater areas to less than 7 m in nearshore areas. The extreme wave heights in the east and southeast directions were found to be larger than those in other directions; and the extreme waves in summer and autumn were found to be larger than those in other seasons. The extreme surge levels were relatively large in the radial sandy ridge area of the Jiangsu coast, Hangzhou Bay and north of the Qiongzhou Strait. This study demonstrated an effective approach to improve the representation of typhoon in the numerical estimation of extreme events. The results provide insights into the temporal and spatial distributions of extreme waves and surges over the northwest Pacific Ocean.",
author = "Jiangxia Li and Shunqi Pan and Yongping Chen and Fan, {Yang Ming} and Yi Pan",
note = "Funding Information: The work was partly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0405401), National Natural Science Foundation of China (51620105005), the Key Research Project of Water Resources Department of Jiangsu province, China (2015006), the 111 Project of the Ministry of Education and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, China (B12032) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2017B40714, 2017B20214). The first author also would like to thank the China Scholarship Council (201506710061) for the financial support for the 18-month PhD exchange program in Cardiff University. Funding Information: The work was partly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China ( 2017YFC0405401 ), National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 51620105005 ), the Key Research Project of Water Resources Department of Jiangsu province, China ( 2015006 ), the 111 Project of the Ministry of Education and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, China ( B12032 ) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China ( 2017B40714 , 2017B20214 ). The first author also would like to thank the China Scholarship Council ( 201506710061 ) for the financial support for the 18-month PhD exchange program in Cardiff University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2018",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.01.076",
language = "English",
volume = "153",
pages = "225--241",
journal = "Ocean Engineering",
issn = "0029-8018",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}