Numerical investigations of wind pressure profiles at isolated escarpment, ridge, and hill

A series of numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the turbulent flow fields in lands, typically under a ground condition of Exposure C with isolated escarpments, ridges, and hills, respectively. By varying the extent of the slope in terms of a height-to-length ratio, the calculated velocity profiles at various cross sections were examined and compared to those suggested by the wind design code. Results show that separation generally occurs and leads to flow unsteadiness at leeward of ridges and hills. Within the re-circulating zone, the velocity fluctuation varies in a manner close to a normal distribution. Finally, comparisons were made in terms of the displacement thickness and the applicability of the code suggestions was assessed. It was found that the related codes may require examinations for further possible modifications.