TY - JOUR
T1 - Painless electroporation with a new needle-free microelectrode array to enhance transdermal drug delivery
AU - Wong, Tak Wah
AU - Chen, Ching Hung
AU - Huang, Chien Chun
AU - Lin, Cheng De
AU - Hui, Sek Wen
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr. Tak-Wah Wong is supported by the National Health Research Institutes, Physician Scientist Fellowship RE89P005 and National Cheng Kung Medical Center grant NCKUH94023. The visit of Dr. Sek-Wen Hui to the National Cheng Kung University was sponsored by the Visiting Foreign Scholar Program of the Taiwan Education Department.
PY - 2006/2/21
Y1 - 2006/2/21
N2 - A microelectrode array was designed to minimize the pain sensation of electroporation for enhancing transdermal drug delivery. The influence of the size of the electrode-skin contact area and of the distance between electrodes on the pain sensation was tested on human volunteers. The pain level decreased with the dimension of electrode-skin contact area and with inter-electrode distance. When both reached about 0.5 mm, the pain level was not perceptible even at the threshold of transdermal electroporation level of sixty electric pulses at 150 V, 1 ms at 1-10 Hz. An array of 11 × 11 alternately connected electrodes with 0.6 × 0.6 mm dimension was fabricated. The electric thresholds for effective drug delivery, using toluidine blue O as a marker on mouse skin, was found to be the same for microelectrode arrays as for larger electrodes and wider inter-electrode distances. In vivo transdermal electroporation using microelectrode array with 180 pulses of 150 V, 0.2 ms at 1 Hz, followed by 30 min methotrexate (MTX) occlusion increased more than 4 fold the systemic MTX level in mice. The results demonstrated the potential of painless delivery of significant amounts of chemotherapeutic agents through skin with the new electrode arrays in a clinical setting.
AB - A microelectrode array was designed to minimize the pain sensation of electroporation for enhancing transdermal drug delivery. The influence of the size of the electrode-skin contact area and of the distance between electrodes on the pain sensation was tested on human volunteers. The pain level decreased with the dimension of electrode-skin contact area and with inter-electrode distance. When both reached about 0.5 mm, the pain level was not perceptible even at the threshold of transdermal electroporation level of sixty electric pulses at 150 V, 1 ms at 1-10 Hz. An array of 11 × 11 alternately connected electrodes with 0.6 × 0.6 mm dimension was fabricated. The electric thresholds for effective drug delivery, using toluidine blue O as a marker on mouse skin, was found to be the same for microelectrode arrays as for larger electrodes and wider inter-electrode distances. In vivo transdermal electroporation using microelectrode array with 180 pulses of 150 V, 0.2 ms at 1 Hz, followed by 30 min methotrexate (MTX) occlusion increased more than 4 fold the systemic MTX level in mice. The results demonstrated the potential of painless delivery of significant amounts of chemotherapeutic agents through skin with the new electrode arrays in a clinical setting.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.11.003
DO - 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.11.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 16356576
AN - SCOPUS:31544458945
SN - 0168-3659
VL - 110
SP - 557
EP - 565
JO - Journal of Controlled Release
JF - Journal of Controlled Release
IS - 3
ER -