TY - JOUR
T1 - Particulate Trace Metal Composition and Sources in the Kuroshio Adjacent to the East China Sea
T2 - The Importance of Aerosol Deposition
AU - Liao, Wen Hsuan
AU - Ho, Tung Yuan
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Jing Zhang for leading the Japan GEOTRACES cruise (KH-15-3) and the crew members and participants in the R/V Hakuho-Maru cruise for their assistance on seawater sampling and onboard measurement for hydrographic parameters. We also thank Yi-Chia Hsin for providing Kuroshio velocity information, Chih-Chiang Hsieh and Wan-Chen Tu for their assistance on measuring trace metal concentrations, and Shun-Chung Yang and Shotaro Takano for their helpful comments and discussions on this study. The raw data of this study in the Kuroshio can be found in the supporting information. We thank Phoebe Lam, Daniel Ohnemus, Benjamin Twining, and Robert Sherrell for sharing the published data obtained in the NAO and SEPO regions. The raw data can be found in https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/639847/data and https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3871/data. The financial support of this study mainly came from Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology grant 105-2119-M-001-039-MY3 and Career Development Award of Tung-Yuan Ho from Academia Sinica, and partially from Japan GEOTRACES program.
Funding Information:
We thank Jing Zhang for leading the Japan GEOTRACES cruise (KH-15-3) and the crew members and participants in the R/V Hakuho-Maru cruise for their assistance on seawater sampling and onboard measurement for hydrographic parameters. We also thank Yi-Chia Hsin for providing Kuroshio velocity information, Chih-Chiang Hsieh and Wan-Chen Tu for their assistance on measuring trace metal concentrations, and Shun-Chung Yang and Shotaro Takano for their helpful comments and discussions on this study. The raw data of this study in the Kuroshio can be found in the supporting information. We thank Phoebe Lam, Daniel Ohnemus, Benjamin Twining, and Robert Sherrell for sharing the published data obtained in the NAO and SEPO regions. The raw data can be found in https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/639847/data and https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/ 3871/data. The financial support of this study mainly came from Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology grant 105-2119-M-001-039-MY3 and Career Development Award of Tung-Yuan Ho from Academia Sinica, and partially from Japan GEOTRACES program.
Publisher Copyright:
©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2018/9
Y1 - 2018/9
N2 - The Kuroshio, flowing through the eastern end of the East China Sea, transports terrestrial material to the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Along the Kuroshio path, we collected size-fractionated suspended particles in the upper 200 m to investigate the composition and sources of particulate trace metals. Demonstrated by Al- and P-normalized elemental ratios, we found that anthropogenic aerosol deposition was the major source of most particulate trace metals in the Kuroshio region although the impact of bottom resuspension and riverine input may be significant at some specific regions. As seen in our previous studies in the South China Sea and the Western Philippine Sea, this study concluded that anthropogenic aerosol deposition is the dominant particulate trace metal source in the surface water of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas. Compared to particulate trace metal composition obtained in other open oceans, we found that the distribution patterns of particulate trace metal composition in the surface waters are closely associated with aerosol deposition fluxes. In regions with low deposition, the particulate trace metal concentrations were extremely low and metal to P ratios were all comparable to their intracellular quota previously proposed. In regions with high deposition, metal to P ratios were highly elevated in comparison to their intracellular quota and metal to Al ratios were deviated from lithogenic ratios to various extents. The globally consistent distribution patterns validate trace metal stoichiometry concept in plankton intracellularly and the primary role of aerosol deposition on deciding particulate trace metal composition in oceanic surface water globally.
AB - The Kuroshio, flowing through the eastern end of the East China Sea, transports terrestrial material to the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Along the Kuroshio path, we collected size-fractionated suspended particles in the upper 200 m to investigate the composition and sources of particulate trace metals. Demonstrated by Al- and P-normalized elemental ratios, we found that anthropogenic aerosol deposition was the major source of most particulate trace metals in the Kuroshio region although the impact of bottom resuspension and riverine input may be significant at some specific regions. As seen in our previous studies in the South China Sea and the Western Philippine Sea, this study concluded that anthropogenic aerosol deposition is the dominant particulate trace metal source in the surface water of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas. Compared to particulate trace metal composition obtained in other open oceans, we found that the distribution patterns of particulate trace metal composition in the surface waters are closely associated with aerosol deposition fluxes. In regions with low deposition, the particulate trace metal concentrations were extremely low and metal to P ratios were all comparable to their intracellular quota previously proposed. In regions with high deposition, metal to P ratios were highly elevated in comparison to their intracellular quota and metal to Al ratios were deviated from lithogenic ratios to various extents. The globally consistent distribution patterns validate trace metal stoichiometry concept in plankton intracellularly and the primary role of aerosol deposition on deciding particulate trace metal composition in oceanic surface water globally.
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U2 - 10.1029/2018JC014113
DO - 10.1029/2018JC014113
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85052894075
SN - 2169-9291
VL - 123
SP - 6207
EP - 6223
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
IS - 9
ER -