TY - JOUR
T1 - Phase formation mechanism of the zinc titanate precursor powders prepared at various pH using a hydrothermal process
AU - Wang, Cheng Li
AU - Chu, Hsueh Liang
AU - Ko, Horng Huey
AU - Hsi, Chi Shiung
AU - Li, Wang Long
AU - Hwang, Weng Sing
AU - Chang, Kuo Ming
AU - Wang, Moo Chin
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors sincerely thank the National Science Council of Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology) for its financial support under NSC 100-2221-E-037-001 . The authors also gratefully acknowledge Professor M.H. Hon for his suggestions during manuscript preparation and the help of Mr. S.Y. Yao for assistance with TEM.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/3/1
Y1 - 2015/3/1
N2 - Zinc titanate precursor powders were synthesized from the initial materials of TiCl4 and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O using a hydrothermal route at various pH environments. The phase formation mechanism of the zinc titanate precursor powders synthesized at various pH using a hydrothermal process was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM). The XRD results show that the phase formation was affected by the pH environment. The zinc titanate precursor powders synthesized at pH 5 and calcined at 500 °C for 1 h, anatase TiO2 and ZnO as the major and secondary phase, respectively. The phases of rutile TiO2, Zn2TiO4 and ZnTiO3 appeared when the precursor powders calcined at 1000 °C for 1 h. Moreover, when the zinc titanate precursor powders were synthesized at pH 9 and calcined at 500 °C for 1 h, the phases of ZnO and Zn2Ti3O8 appeared. When the zinc titanate precursor powders calcined at 1000 °C for 1 h, Zn2TiO4 and rutile TiO2 was the major phase and the minor phases, respectively. However, when the zinc titanate precursor powders were synthesized at pH 7 and calcined at 1000 °C for 1 h, phase formation was similar to the precursor powders synthesized at pH 9 and calcined at 1000 °C for 1 h, but the minor phase of ZnTiO3 disappeared. The SAED results of zinc titanate precursor powders synthesized at various pH and calcined at different temperatures for 1 h also agreed with the XRD results.
AB - Zinc titanate precursor powders were synthesized from the initial materials of TiCl4 and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O using a hydrothermal route at various pH environments. The phase formation mechanism of the zinc titanate precursor powders synthesized at various pH using a hydrothermal process was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM). The XRD results show that the phase formation was affected by the pH environment. The zinc titanate precursor powders synthesized at pH 5 and calcined at 500 °C for 1 h, anatase TiO2 and ZnO as the major and secondary phase, respectively. The phases of rutile TiO2, Zn2TiO4 and ZnTiO3 appeared when the precursor powders calcined at 1000 °C for 1 h. Moreover, when the zinc titanate precursor powders were synthesized at pH 9 and calcined at 500 °C for 1 h, the phases of ZnO and Zn2Ti3O8 appeared. When the zinc titanate precursor powders calcined at 1000 °C for 1 h, Zn2TiO4 and rutile TiO2 was the major phase and the minor phases, respectively. However, when the zinc titanate precursor powders were synthesized at pH 7 and calcined at 1000 °C for 1 h, phase formation was similar to the precursor powders synthesized at pH 9 and calcined at 1000 °C for 1 h, but the minor phase of ZnTiO3 disappeared. The SAED results of zinc titanate precursor powders synthesized at various pH and calcined at different temperatures for 1 h also agreed with the XRD results.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.09.131
DO - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.09.131
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84919444239
SN - 0272-8842
VL - 41
SP - 2028
EP - 2041
JO - Ceramics International
JF - Ceramics International
IS - 2
ER -