TY - JOUR
T1 - Surfactant-Enriched ZnO Surface via Sol-Gel Process for the Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cell
AU - Chen, Yen Chia
AU - Lin, Chen Hsueh
AU - Guo, Tzung Fang
AU - Wen, Ten Chin
N1 - Funding Information:
The financial support of this work by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under grants MOST 105-2221-E-006-253-MY3 is gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of Dr. Yao-Jane Hsu form the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center for XPS and UPS data is also acknowledged.
PY - 2018/8/8
Y1 - 2018/8/8
N2 - In this study, we demonstrate that the top surface is enriched by surfactants, tetraoctylammonium bromide, and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), in the sol-gel ZnO, being evidenced by the Br depth profile of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis data. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed the formation of Zn-Br bonding due to the oxygen defects occupied by Br at the surfactant-enriched ZnO surface. The surfactant-enriched ZnO surface possessed a smoother surface and more hydrophobicity than the pristine ZnO from the experimental results of atomic force microscopy and contact angle, respectively. On the basis of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy data, the work function slightly reduced due to the dipole built-up by the electrostatic force between Br- and N+ to enhance the electron extraction ability. The improved properties benefited the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) by spin-coating the active layer on the surfactant-enriched ZnO surface. The inverted PSCs with the surfactant-enriched ZnO surface showed the highest PCE of 9.55% for the CPB case, in comparison with the pristine ZnO surface (8.08% PCE). This study discloses that turning the ZnO surface is easily achieved by the addition of surfactants with different molecular structures in the sol-gel ZnO for high performance polymer solar cells.
AB - In this study, we demonstrate that the top surface is enriched by surfactants, tetraoctylammonium bromide, and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), in the sol-gel ZnO, being evidenced by the Br depth profile of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis data. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed the formation of Zn-Br bonding due to the oxygen defects occupied by Br at the surfactant-enriched ZnO surface. The surfactant-enriched ZnO surface possessed a smoother surface and more hydrophobicity than the pristine ZnO from the experimental results of atomic force microscopy and contact angle, respectively. On the basis of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy data, the work function slightly reduced due to the dipole built-up by the electrostatic force between Br- and N+ to enhance the electron extraction ability. The improved properties benefited the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) by spin-coating the active layer on the surfactant-enriched ZnO surface. The inverted PSCs with the surfactant-enriched ZnO surface showed the highest PCE of 9.55% for the CPB case, in comparison with the pristine ZnO surface (8.08% PCE). This study discloses that turning the ZnO surface is easily achieved by the addition of surfactants with different molecular structures in the sol-gel ZnO for high performance polymer solar cells.
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U2 - 10.1021/acsami.8b09295
DO - 10.1021/acsami.8b09295
M3 - Article
C2 - 30009608
AN - SCOPUS:85050113700
VL - 10
SP - 26805
EP - 26811
JO - ACS applied materials & interfaces
JF - ACS applied materials & interfaces
SN - 1944-8244
IS - 31
ER -