Systemic review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, classification, and 2019 updated recommendation of managements for systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that mostly affects women in reproductive age. The complexity of the signs and symptoms of SLE may attribute to the activation of complement system and subsequent immunocomplex deposition in a susceptible subject. Therefore, associated differential diagnosis with other diseases is essential. The clinical classification of SLE remains the challenge for rheumatologists. In 2019, EULAR and ACR published the updated recommendations for management of SLE; the recommendations for the managements of lupus nephritis and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) were also published last year. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, classification, and updated recommendations published in 2019 of SLE.