The effects of a magic-based intervention on self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and quality of life among community-dwelling older adults: a randomised controlled trial

Background: Magic-based programs have been utilised to enhance well-being across various health aspects. However, there is a lack of studies on whether performing magic tricks can provide mental health benefits for older adults living in the community. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of a magic-based intervention program on self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and quality of life (QOL), and to examine the relationship between these factors in older adults. Methods: Thirty-eight participants, aged 60–90 years, were randomly assigned to either a magic intervention group or a control group. The magic intervention program, tailored for older adults, was conducted for 90 min, twice weekly, over 6 weeks. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scores were measured and analyzed in both groups before and after the intervention. Results: The magic-based intervention significantly increased self-esteem and reduced depressive symptoms in older adults, with large effect sizes. However, no significant impact on QOL was observed. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between the improvement in self-esteem and the reduction in depressive levels. Despite this, a moderate but significant negative correlation was detected between the post-intervention scores of RSE and GDS-15 in the magic intervention group. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the magic intervention program was beneficial in promoting mental health in community-dwelling older adults. Implementing magic programs in communities appears to be an effective approach to enhance self-esteem and alleviate depressive symptoms in the older population.