The Relationships among Gender, Cognitive Styles, Learning Strategies, and Learning Performance in the Flipped Classroom

This study re-designed the classroom activities with consideration to interactions between human factors, such as gender and cognitive style, to technology as well as human-to-human interactions in the flipped classroom and explored their interrelationships. Sixty-two first-year college students of a Packaged Software and Application course were divided into two groups. The experimental group (N = 29) employed the revised flipped classroom format, while the conventional flipped classroom model was used with the control group (N = 27). Research data were obtained via pre-class quizzes, final grades, a learning satisfaction questionnaire, and interviews. The results led to the following conclusions: (1) Cognitive style and learning strategy significantly affected students’ learning performance and satisfaction in both the flipped and revised flipped classrooms. (2) The interactive video, peer-learning, and social management issues associated with group work may motivate students’ self-regulation. The implications of these results for the design of the flipped classroom are discussed in detail.