TY - JOUR
T1 - Toxicity assessment of electrochemical advanced oxidation process-treated groundwater from a gas station with petrochemical contamination
AU - Chao, How Ran
AU - Que, Danielle E.
AU - Aquino, Alisha C.
AU - Gou, Yan You
AU - Tayo, Lemmuel L.
AU - Lin, Yi Hsien
AU - Tsai, Ming Hsien
AU - Hsu, Fu Lin
AU - Lu, I. Cheng
AU - Lin, Sheng Lun
AU - Srikhao, Natwat
AU - Shy, Cherng Gueih
AU - Huang, Kuo Lin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2020/6/1
Y1 - 2020/6/1
N2 - Electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is known for its efficient and fast degradation of organic pollutants in polluted water treatment. In this study, the EAOP using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode was applied to treat two-season groundwater samples collected from four sampling wells (GS1 to GS4) with petrochemical contaminants including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, total organic compounds (TOC), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at a gas station in southern Taiwan. Moreover, toxicity tests (ATP, p53, and NF-κB bioassays) were performed to evaluate the biological responses of raw and EAOP-treated groundwater. Results show that the concentrations of chlorobenzene before and after EAOP treatment were all below its method detection limit. High degradation efficiencies were observed for MTBE (100%), benzene (100%), toluene (100%, except that of GS2 in the first season), TPH (94–97%, except that of GS4 in the first season), and TOC (85–99%). Cell viability for both the raw groundwater (81.2 ± 13.5%) and EAOP-treated samples (84.7 ± 11.7%) as detected using the ATP bioassay showed no significant difference (p = 0.715). A mean reduction in the DNA damage (739 to 165 ng DOX-equivalency L−1 (ng DOX-EQ. L−1)) and inflammatory response levels (460 to 157 ng TNFα-equivalency L−1 (ng TNFα-EQ. L−1)) were observed for EAOP-treated samples subjected to p53 and NF-κB bioassays. Overall, the significances of the average degradation efficiency, DNA damage, and inflammatory response before and after groundwater with EAOP treatment was observed to be significant (p < 0.05). p53 and NF-κB bioassays might be applied to assess ecotoxic risk in the environment.
AB - Electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is known for its efficient and fast degradation of organic pollutants in polluted water treatment. In this study, the EAOP using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode was applied to treat two-season groundwater samples collected from four sampling wells (GS1 to GS4) with petrochemical contaminants including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, total organic compounds (TOC), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at a gas station in southern Taiwan. Moreover, toxicity tests (ATP, p53, and NF-κB bioassays) were performed to evaluate the biological responses of raw and EAOP-treated groundwater. Results show that the concentrations of chlorobenzene before and after EAOP treatment were all below its method detection limit. High degradation efficiencies were observed for MTBE (100%), benzene (100%), toluene (100%, except that of GS2 in the first season), TPH (94–97%, except that of GS4 in the first season), and TOC (85–99%). Cell viability for both the raw groundwater (81.2 ± 13.5%) and EAOP-treated samples (84.7 ± 11.7%) as detected using the ATP bioassay showed no significant difference (p = 0.715). A mean reduction in the DNA damage (739 to 165 ng DOX-equivalency L−1 (ng DOX-EQ. L−1)) and inflammatory response levels (460 to 157 ng TNFα-equivalency L−1 (ng TNFα-EQ. L−1)) were observed for EAOP-treated samples subjected to p53 and NF-κB bioassays. Overall, the significances of the average degradation efficiency, DNA damage, and inflammatory response before and after groundwater with EAOP treatment was observed to be significant (p < 0.05). p53 and NF-κB bioassays might be applied to assess ecotoxic risk in the environment.
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U2 - 10.1007/s10661-020-08393-0
DO - 10.1007/s10661-020-08393-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 32607767
AN - SCOPUS:85087108966
SN - 0167-6369
VL - 192
JO - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
IS - 7
M1 - 473
ER -