@article{591f7e5b592941bfa699f2126b3c49ee,
title = "Visualizing electromagnetic fields in laser-produced counter-streaming plasma experiments for collisionless shock laboratory astrophysics",
abstract = "Collisionless shocks are often observed in fast-moving astrophysical plasmas, formed by non-classical viscosity that is believed to originate from collective electromagnetic fields driven by kinetic plasma instabilities. However, the development of small-scale plasma processes into large-scale structures, such as a collisionless shock, is not well understood. It is also unknown to what extent collisionless shocks contain macroscopic fields with a long coherence length. For these reasons, it is valuable to explore collisionless shock formation, including the growth and self-organization of fields, in laboratory plasmas. The experimental results presented here show at a glance with proton imaging how macroscopic fields can emerge from a system of supersonic counter-streaming plasmas produced at the OMEGA EP laser. Interpretation of these results, plans for additional measurements, and the difficulty of achieving truly collisionless conditions are discussed. Future experiments at the National Ignition Facility are expected to create fully formed collisionless shocks in plasmas with no pre-imposed magnetic field.",
author = "Kugland, {N. L.} and Ross, {J. S.} and Chang, {P. Y.} and Drake, {R. P.} and G. Fiksel and Froula, {D. H.} and Glenzer, {S. H.} and G. Gregori and M. Grosskopf and C. Huntington and M. Koenig and Y. Kuramitsu and C. Kuranz and Levy, {M. C.} and E. Liang and D. Martinez and J. Meinecke and F. Miniati and T. Morita and A. Pelka and C. Plechaty and R. Presura and A. Ravasio and Remington, {B. A.} and B. Reville and Ryutov, {D. D.} and Y. Sakawa and A. Spitkovsky and H. Takabe and Park, {H. S.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the staff of the OMEGA and OMEGA EP laser facilities for their experimental support. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Additional support was provided by LLNL LDRD Grant No. 11-ERD-054, and the International Collaboration for High Energy Density Science (ICHEDS), supported by the Core-to-Core Program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The research leading to these results received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), ERC Grant Agreement Nos. 256973 and 247039. Work by the University of Michigan was supported by the Predictive Sciences Academic Alliances Program in NNSA-ASC via Grant DEFC52-08NA28616 and by the NNSA-DS and SC-OFES Joint Program in High-Energy-Density Laboratory Plasmas, Grant DE-FG52-09NA29548. ",
year = "2013",
month = may,
doi = "10.1063/1.4804548",
language = "English",
volume = "20",
journal = "Physics of Plasmas",
issn = "1070-664X",
publisher = "American Institute of Physics Publising LLC",
number = "5",
}